Muscular System Mod 6 Flashcards
What are 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Define skeletal muscle
Contractions can be voluntary controlled purpose is to move a bone
Define the cardiac muscle
Has dark bands called intercalated disks and interconnections allow the heart to beat as a unit
Define the smooth muscle
Involuntary, silky muscle ex. Bladder, stomach and intestines
What is the structure of a skeletal muscle?
Always attached to a bone and has an outer layer
What are the three connective tissue wrappings and what are they?
Endomysium: connective tissue that wraps individual muscle fibres
Perimysium: connective tissue that wraps individual fascicles
Epimysium: connective tissue that wraps the entire muscle
What are the 2 regions of the skeletal muscle?
- Origin: attachment to the bone that stays still
2. Insertion: attachment to the bone that moves when it contracts
What are tendons?
Where muscle attaches to the bone, they are dense, change colour and are lubricated by synovial fluid
What is bursae?
Little pillows filled with synovial fluid that makes it easier to move
What are the differences in thick and thin myofilaments?
Thick: made from myosin
Thin: made from actin
Explain the function of agonist and antagonist
Agonist: muscle that performs a given movement
Antagonist: muscle that produces a movement opposite to the agonist
What are some functions of skeletal muscle?
Movement, posture, muscle tone, heat production and fatigue
What are the 4 types of muscle contraction?
Twitch, tetanic, isotonic and isometric
What is a twitch contraction?
Caused by some sort of stimulus in isolated muscles, can be caused by stress
What is a tetanic twitch?
Steady, bombard the muscle, contractions melt together and sustain contraction
What is a isotonic contraction?
Produces movement in the joint, ex. Hand moves away from the shoulder (gets longer) hand moves towards the shoulder (gets shorter) (FLEXING)
What is a isometric contraction?
Not moving but tending the muscle, this is how muscles grow longer and stronger
Define extension and flexion
Extension: extending the arm
Flexion: flexing your arm
Define abduction and adduction
Abduction: away from the body
Adduction: toward the body
THINK OF A JUMPING JACK
What is pronation and supination?
Pronation: palm faces down
Supination: palm facing up
What is rotation?
Moving your head left to right
What is circumduction?
Moving your arm in a circle
What is dorsiflexion and planter flexion?
Dorsiflexion: flexing your ankle toward the ceiling
Planter Flexion: flexing your ankle toward the floor
What is the difference between inversion and eversion?
Inversion: flexing your foot towards you
Eversion: flexing your foot away from you
What is Disuse Atrophy?
Happens when muscles shrink when they’re not used
What is Hypertrophy?
When muscles grow larger when used
