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Cardiovascular System Mod 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

In the mediastinum under the second rib

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart and what is their function?

A
  1. Endocardium: lines the inside of the heart
  2. Myocardium: thickest layer and is hearts muscle layer
  3. Thin outermost layer
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3
Q

What is the pericardium and what are the 3 layers?

A

A sac that encloses the heart and keeps it in place
Parietal layer
Pericardial layer
Visceral layer (epicardium)

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4
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the heart and what are their functions?

A
  1. Pulmonary circuit: right side pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs
  2. Systemic circuit: left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body
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5
Q

What are the 2 chambers of the heart and their functions?

A

2 upper chambers: LEFT AND RIGHT ATRIA which are receiving chambers
2 lower chambers: RIGHT AND LEFT VENTRICLES which are discharging chambers

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6
Q

What are the 4 valves of the heart and their functions?

A

Keep blood flowing through the heart and prevent back flow
Atrioventricular valves: LEFT (BICUSPID) AND RIGHT (TRICUSPID) entrance valves
Semilunar valves: PULMONARY VALVE (DEOXYGENATED BLOOD LEAVING THE VENTRICLE) AORTIC VALVE (OXYGENATED BLOOD LEAVING THE VENTRICLE)

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7
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Volume of blood that is ejected from one ventricle with each beat

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8
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood that one ventricle can pump each minute

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9
Q

What is a sinoatrial node (SA)?

A

The hearts natural pace maker located in the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava

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10
Q

What is a atrioventricular node (AV)?

A

Located in the right atrium close to the ventricle

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11
Q

What is an AV bundle (bundle of His)?

A

Located in the septum of the ventricle

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12
Q

What are purkinje fibres?

A

Located in the walls of the ventricles

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13
Q

What are arteries?

A

A blood vessel that pushes blood away from the heart

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14
Q

What are arterioles?

A

A blood vessel that pushes blood into capillaries

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15
Q

What are capillaries?

A

A blood vessel that are tiny and thin walled that allows gas and nutrient exchange

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16
Q

What are venules?

A

Blood vessels that receive blood from capillaries and then go back to the heart

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17
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessel that transports blood to the heart

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18
Q

What are the 3 tunics that arteries and veins have and what are their functions?

A
  1. Tunica intima: inner coat that is smooth and allows blood to flow easily
  2. Tunica media: middle smooth muscle that is the thickest layer that allows it to stretch
  3. Tunica externa: outer layer that is connective tissue
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19
Q

What artery is located in the anterior brain and meninges?

A

Internal carotid

20
Q

What artery is located in the neck, eyes, face and larynx?

A

External carotid

21
Q

What artery is located in the head and neck?

A

Common carotid

22
Q

What artery is located in upper left extremities?

A

Left subclavian

23
Q

What artery is located in the branches to the head, neck and upper extremities?

A

Arch of aorta

24
Q

What artery is located in the heart muscle?

25
Q

What artery is located in the kidneys?

26
Q

What artery is located in the arm?

27
Q

What artery is located in the lateral side of the hand?

28
Q

What artery is located in the medial side of the hand?

29
Q

What artery is located in the thigh?

30
Q

What artery is located in the knee and leg?

31
Q

What vein is located in superficial tissues in the head and neck?

A

External jugular

32
Q

What vein is located in the sinuses of the brain?

A

Internal jugular

33
Q

What vein is located in the upper extremities?

A

Subclavian

34
Q

What vein is located in head, neck and upper extremities?

A

Superior vena cava

35
Q

What vein is located in the lower body?

A

Inferior vena cava

36
Q

What vein is located in the liver?

37
Q

What vein is located in cephalic vein?

A

Median cubital

38
Q

What vein is located in the leg?

A

Great saphenous

39
Q

Define blood pressure

A

Push or force of blood as it flows through the blood vessels
Highest in arteries
Lowest in veins

40
Q

What is blood volume?

A

Larger the volume the higher the pressure

Lower the volume the lower the pressure

41
Q

What are strength of heart contractions?

A

How weak or strong your heart contraction is

42
Q

What is a heart rate?

A

Increased rate increases pressure

Decreased rate decreases pressure

43
Q

What is blood viscosity?

A

Thickness of blood
More than normal will increase pressure
Less than normal will decrease pressure

44
Q

Define pulse

A

Expansion and recoil of the blood vessel wall

45
Q

What are the 9 pulse points?

A
  1. Temporal
  2. Facial
  3. Corortid
  4. Brachial
  5. Radial
  6. Femoral
  7. Popiteal
  8. Posterior tibia
  9. Dorsalis pedis

Anatomy farts (18 decks)

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