STD's Bacteria and Parasitic (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia

A

Most common bacterial STD

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2
Q

What is the most common bacterial STD

A

Chlamydia

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3
Q

Chlamydia is caused by

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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4
Q

Chlamydia incubation period?

A

1-3 weeks

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5
Q

What is the most site of infection of chlamydia in men?

A

Urethra - urethritis

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6
Q

What is the most common site of infection of chlamydia in women?

A

Cervix - cervicitis

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7
Q

Chlamydia Manifestations:
Men
Women
Rectum

A

Asymptomatic (more spreading because people do not know)

Men:
-Pain with urination and discharge
-Rare swelling of testes

Women:
-Pain with urination and dischare
-Bleeding
-Pain with intercourse

Rectal:
-Anorectal pain
-Discharge
-Bleeding
-Pruritus
-Tenesmus (half to go but can’t)
-Mucus coated stools

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8
Q

Chlamydia Complications

A

Infertility
&
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

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9
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease

A

complication of chlamydia

Damage fallopian tubes and increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy

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10
Q

Chlamydia Diagnosis

A

Sexual history

Physical exam

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)

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11
Q

Screening for Chlamydia

A

Regular screening for high-risk population recommended

Return for testing 3 months after treatment

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12
Q

Chlamydia Treatment

A

Azithromycin
or
Doxycycline

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13
Q

Chlamydia: Once Someone is diagnosed

A

All sexaul contact from prior 60 days should be notified and treated

Abstain from sexual activity for 7 days after treatment and until all partners have been tested and treated

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14
Q

Gonococcal infection

A

Gonorrhea

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15
Q

What is the second most common STD in the US

A

Gonorrhea

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16
Q

Gonorrhea is caused by

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae – gram-negative, diplococcus bacteria

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17
Q

Gonorrhea incubation period

A

1-14 days

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18
Q

Men side effects of gonorrhea

A

urethritis

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19
Q

Women side effects of gonorrhea

A

cervicitis

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20
Q

Gonorrhea Manifestations:
Men
Women
Rectual

A

Men:
-Symptomatic within few days
-Purulent discharge
-Epididymitis (hold sperm) (scrotom)

Women:
-Asymptomatic
-Bleeding after sex
-Frequent urination
-Redness and swelling of cervix

Same as Chlamydia

21
Q

Gonorrhea Complications: Men

A

symptomatic so likely to get treatment

-Infertility with epididymitis

22
Q

Gonorrhea Complications: Women

A

asymptomatic so more likely to get complications

-Bartholin’s glands (behind labia)
-Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-Pregnancy complications (pass to neonate)

23
Q

Gonorrhea Treatment

A

Treatment without results

High does single dose IM CEFTRIAXONE

24
Q

Trichomoniasis cause

A

Trichomonas vaginalis parasite

25
Q

What is the most common non viral STD in the world?

A

Trichomoniasis

26
Q

Is Trichomoniasis more common in men or women?

A

Women

Men 3/4 cases = asymptomatic and spontaneous resolution within 10 days

27
Q

Trichomoniasis incubation period

A

1 week to 3 months (can be longer)

28
Q

Trichomoniasis Manifestations
Men
Women

A

Ranges from asymptomatic carrier — acute, severe inflammatory disease

Men:
-Burning with urination / ejaculation

Women:
-Vaginal itching
-Yellow and green discharge
-Foul odor
-STRAW BERRY cervix

29
Q

Trichomoniasis Complications

A

R/T inflammation if left untreated

More likely to get another STI (particularly HIV)

30
Q

Trichomoniasis Diagnosis

A

NAAT

Nucleic Acid Amplification Test

31
Q

Trichomoniasis Treatment

A

Antifungal Treatment

Metronidazole (7-day course twice daily) (Flagyl)

Tinidazole (single-dose PO)

Abstain for 7 days and partners within 60 days are treated

32
Q

Trichomoniasis high or low rate of recurrence?

A

High so get tested again in 2 weeks to 3 months

33
Q

Syphilis

A

Bacterial Infection caused by treponema pallidum

SEROUS long term complications if not treated early

34
Q

Syphilis is transmitted by

A

Direct contact with syphilitic ulcer (CHANCRE)

35
Q

Why is syphilis a risk in pregancy?

A

Can be transmitted to baby during pregnancy (high risk)

36
Q

Is the syphilis chancre external or internal?

37
Q

Syphilis incubation

A

10-90 days (Average 21)

38
Q

Syphilis: Clinical Stages

A

EARLY Infectious SYPHILIS:

-Primary = highly infectious (chancre appears and last 3-6 weeks)

-Secondary 2-8 weeks after primary; bacterial dissemination - starts to affect nerves (meningitis) (blindness) (highly infectious)

-Early latent: No symptoms within past 2 years = not contagious

LATE SYPHILIS:
-Late and Tertiary (rarely seen in antibiotic era)
-Not infectious
-1-20 years after initial infectious

39
Q

Primary syphilis

A

Incubation 10-90 days

Highly infectious early stage

Chancre appears

Last 3-6 weeks

40
Q

Secondary Syphilis

A

2-8 weeks after primary

Bacterial dissemination starts to affects nerves and neurons
-meningitis
-blindness
-neurological symptoms

41
Q

Early Latent Syphilis

A

NO symptoms within the past two years

Not contagious

42
Q

Late Syphilis

A

-Late and Tertiary (rarely seen in antibiotic era)
-Not infectious
-1-20 years after initial infectious

43
Q

Syphilis Complications

A

Early Chancres increase HIV transmission

Neurosyphilis

Cardiovascular syphilis

Gummatous syphilis

44
Q

Neurosyphilis

A

Complication of syphilis
-Permanent damage with CNS
-Visual Impairment
-Dementia

45
Q

Cardio Vascular Syphilis

A

Complication of syphilis
-Chest pain
-Dyspnea
-Murmur
-Cardiomegaly

46
Q

Gummatous syphilis

A

Complication of syphilis
-unusual scarring on skin
-changes in nasal septum and palate

47
Q

Syphilis Diagnosis

A

First:
-VDRL
+
-Confirmatory postive screening
(treponemal antigen)

48
Q

Why do you need multiple test?

A

False results can occur based on timing of infection (incubation)

49
Q

Syphilis Treatment

A

Treated with Penicillin G for all stages

Doxycycline or tetracycline can be used if allergic