STD's Bacteria and Parasitic (Exam 2) Flashcards
Chlamydia
Most common bacterial STD
What is the most common bacterial STD
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is caused by
Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia incubation period?
1-3 weeks
What is the most site of infection of chlamydia in men?
Urethra - urethritis
What is the most common site of infection of chlamydia in women?
Cervix - cervicitis
Chlamydia Manifestations:
Men
Women
Rectum
Asymptomatic (more spreading because people do not know)
Men:
-Pain with urination and discharge
-Rare swelling of testes
Women:
-Pain with urination and dischare
-Bleeding
-Pain with intercourse
Rectal:
-Anorectal pain
-Discharge
-Bleeding
-Pruritus
-Tenesmus (half to go but can’t)
-Mucus coated stools
Chlamydia Complications
Infertility
&
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Pelvic inflammatory disease
complication of chlamydia
Damage fallopian tubes and increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy
Chlamydia Diagnosis
Sexual history
Physical exam
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT)
Screening for Chlamydia
Regular screening for high-risk population recommended
Return for testing 3 months after treatment
Chlamydia Treatment
Azithromycin
or
Doxycycline
Chlamydia: Once Someone is diagnosed
All sexaul contact from prior 60 days should be notified and treated
Abstain from sexual activity for 7 days after treatment and until all partners have been tested and treated
Gonococcal infection
Gonorrhea
What is the second most common STD in the US
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is caused by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae – gram-negative, diplococcus bacteria
Gonorrhea incubation period
1-14 days
Men side effects of gonorrhea
urethritis
Women side effects of gonorrhea
cervicitis
Gonorrhea Manifestations:
Men
Women
Rectual
Men:
-Symptomatic within few days
-Purulent discharge
-Epididymitis (hold sperm) (scrotom)
Women:
-Asymptomatic
-Bleeding after sex
-Frequent urination
-Redness and swelling of cervix
Same as Chlamydia
Gonorrhea Complications: Men
symptomatic so likely to get treatment
-Infertility with epididymitis
Gonorrhea Complications: Women
asymptomatic so more likely to get complications
-Bartholin’s glands (behind labia)
-Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-Pregnancy complications (pass to neonate) (conjuctivitis)
Gonorrhea Treatment
Treatment without results
High does single dose IM CEFTRIAXONE
Trichomoniasis cause
Trichomonas vaginalis parasite
What is the most common non viral STD in the world?
Trichomoniasis
Is Trichomoniasis more common in men or women?
Women
Men 3/4 cases = asymptomatic and spontaneous resolution within 10 days
Trichomoniasis incubation period
1 week to 3 months (can be longer)
Trichomoniasis Manifestations
Men
Women
Ranges from asymptomatic carrier — acute, severe inflammatory disease
Men:
-Burning with urination / ejaculation
Women:
-Vaginal itching
-Yellow and green discharge
-Foul odor
-STRAW BERRY cervix
Trichomoniasis Complications
R/T inflammation if left untreated
More likely to get another STI (particularly HIV)
Trichomoniasis Diagnosis
NAAT
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
Trichomoniasis Treatment
Antifungal Treatment
Metronidazole (7-day course twice daily) (Flagyl)
Tinidazole (single-dose PO)
Abstain for 7 days and partners within 60 days are treated
Trichomoniasis high or low rate of recurrence?
High so get tested again in 2 weeks to 3 months
Syphilis
Bacterial Infection caused by treponema pallidum
SEROUS long term complications if not treated early
Syphilis is transmitted by
Direct contact with syphilitic ulcer (CHANCRE)
Why is syphilis a risk in pregancy?
Can be transmitted to baby during pregnancy (high risk)
Is the syphilis chancre external or internal?
Both
Syphilis incubation
10-90 days (Average 21)
Syphilis: Clinical Stages
EARLY Infectious SYPHILIS:
-Primary = highly infectious (chancre appears and last 3-6 weeks)
-Secondary 2-8 weeks after primary; bacterial dissemination - starts to affect nerves (meningitis) (blindness) (highly infectious)
-Early latent: No symptoms within past 2 years = not contagious
LATE SYPHILIS:
-Late and Tertiary (rarely seen in antibiotic era)
-Not infectious
-1-20 years after initial infectious
Primary syphilis
Incubation 10-90 days
Highly infectious early stage
Chancre appears
Last 3-6 weeks
Secondary Syphilis
2-8 weeks after primary
Bacterial dissemination starts to affects nerves and neurons
-meningitis
-blindness
-neurological symptoms
Early Latent Syphilis
NO symptoms within the past two years
Not contagious
Late Syphilis
-Late and Tertiary (rarely seen in antibiotic era)
-Not infectious
-1-20 years after initial infectious
Syphilis Complications
Early Chancres increase HIV transmission
Neurosyphilis
Cardiovascular syphilis
Gummatous syphilis
Neurosyphilis
Complication of syphilis
-Permanent damage with CNS
-Visual Impairment
-Dementia
Cardio Vascular Syphilis
Complication of syphilis
-Chest pain
-Dyspnea
-Murmur
-Cardiomegaly
Gummatous syphilis
Complication of syphilis
-unusual scarring on skin
-changes in nasal septum and palate
Syphilis Diagnosis
First:
-VDRL
+
-Confirmatory postive screening
(treponemal antigen)
Why do you need multiple test?
False results can occur based on timing of infection (incubation)
Syphilis Treatment
Treated with Penicillin G for all stages
Doxycycline or tetracycline can be used if allergic
