Valvular Problems (Exam 1) Flashcards
Valvular Heart Disease
Stenosis
Prolapse
Regurgitation
Purpose of valves
Keep the blood going into a unilateral place.
Prevent backflow
Which heart valves take more of a beating?
Mitrial
Aortic
(left side) (more force overtime)
Where is S2 hear best and what is it?
S2 is heard best at the aortic area at the base of the heart
aortic valve
Where is S1 best heard? and what is it?
The mitral area and it the closure of the mitral valve
Erbs Point
3 ICS left sternal border
Where you can hear s1 and s2 best in one place
Stenosis
Constriction / Narrowing
-history of rheumatic heart disease
-The door wont open all the way
Regurgiation
Incompetence / insufficiency
-aging and infective endocarditis
-the door won’t close all the way
Prolapse
Leaflets “buckle”
-Etiology unknown; most common type of valve problem in the U.S
-Can improve with age
Valvular Problems: Clinical manifestations
External dyspnea
Weakness
Fatigue
Chest pain
Murmur
Pulmonary or peripheral edema (HF)
Problems look like heart failure
Non Surgical Collaborative Care of Valvular Heart Disease
Prevention of rheumatic fever/RHD/IE
-Antibiotic prophylaxis
Sodium restriction
Meds to treat / control HF
Anticoags and Anti-dysrhythmias drugs
Surgical Valve Repair Procedures
Commissurotomy
Valvuloplasty
Annuloplasty
Commissurotomy
Cutting into the valve to open it up
Used for stenosis
Valvuloplasty
Open stiff valves with balloon
Annuloplasty
Surgery to repair / reshape the valves
Uses rings
Surgical Valve Replacement
Mechanical
Biologic
Mechanical Valve Replacement
-More durable
-Last longer
-LIFETIME coag therapy
-Click
Biologic Valve Replacement
-Less durable
-Do not last as long
-No coag therapy
When is biologic valve used of mechanical valve
Patient is older and not expected to live more than 8-10 years
Patient not willing to take anticoags
Post Procedure Prosthetic Valve
-Lifetime anticoagulation
-Warfarin (2.5-3.5)
-Restrict vitamin K
-Use electric razor prn
-Report bleeding
-Avoid MRI
-Medic Alert bracelt
