Prostate Labs and Dx (Exam 2) Flashcards
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia increases with
-Typically associated with aging process
Is BPH a precurosor to cancer?
NO
BPH: Digital Rectal Exam
Done to estimate the prostate size, symmetry, and consistency
In BPH should me symmetrically enlarged, firm, and smooth
BPH diagnostics
History and physical
DRE
urinalysis and C&S
Serum creatinine
Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Prostate biopsy
BPH: Urinalysis and C&S and Creatinine
Prostate encircles urethra someone.. enlarged prostate might have urinary retention
UTI and Kidney function (AKI)
PSA screening
PSA is a protein made solely by prostate cells, so antigen is highly specific to prostate
However, it is not prostate cancer specific
Lack of specificity for prostate cancer has lead to considerable controversy about the role of routine PSA testing
Compounded by the knowledge that not all cancers detected by routine screening require treatment
Prostate Screening: American Cancer Society most recent recommendation
Benin screening at age of 50 for those at average risk.
Do not screen above 75 due physical/mental harm outweigh benefits
Benefits of screening for PSA
Small survival benefit with SPA screening in randomized trials
PSA test was associated with 50% drop is prostate cancer deaths
Harms of PSA screening
Would take 48 diagnoses of prostate cancer to prevent 1 death
Only 1 in 3 men with PSA will have prostate cancer
Risk with biopsy procedure and treatment
Over-diagnosis
Core of PSA screening controversy
Many men live and diet with prostate cancer, but not from it
PSA screening nursing implications
Patients should be informed about potential risks and benefits
Prostate Ultrasounds
Transrectal Ultrasound
Helps differentiate BPH from cancer (if DRE and PSA are abnormal)
What is the only way to definitively diagnose prostate cancer?
Biopsy via trans-rectal ultrasound
