STATIC LUNG AND CHEST WALL MECHANICS

Question 1

Lung mechanics is the study of the mechanical properties of the lung and chest wall including ________, _________, and __________

Answer 1

diaphragm
abdominal cavity
anterior abdominal muscles

Question 2

the lungs and chest wall move together as a unit, between these structures is the __________ which under normal conditions is best thought of as a potential (or virtual space)

Answer 2

pleural space

Question 3

for the lung this transmural pressure is called the _________________

defined as the pressure difference between the air spaces (alveolar pressure) and the pressure surrounding the lung (pleural pressure)

Answer 3

transpulmonary pressure

Question 4

____________ is the difference between pleural pressure and the pressure surrounding the chest wall

Answer 4

transmural pressure across the chest wall

Question 5

air flows into and out of the lungs from areas of _________pressure to areas of______ pressure

Answer 5

higher
lower

Question 6

with the onset of inspiration the muscles of the diaphragm and chest wall contract, which causes a __________ movement of the diaphragm and an ___________ and ________________ movement of the ribcage

Answer 6

downward
outward and upward

Question 7

the _________ in pleural pressure at the start of inspiration secondary to inspiratory muscle contraction is greater than the transmitted fall in alveolar pressure

Answer 7

decrease

Question 8

all lung volume are subdivisions of ____
total volume of air that is contained in the lung at the point of maximal inspiration

Answer 8

total lung capacity

Question 9

many lung volumes are measured with a ___

Answer 9

spirometer

Question 10

total volume of exhaled air from a maximal inspiration to a maximal exhalation is the ___________

Answer 10

vital capacity

Question 11

___________ is the air remaining in the lings after a complete exhalation

Answer 11

residual volume

Question 12

volume of air in the lungs at the end of exhalation during quiet breathing and is also called the resting volume of the lungs

Answer 12

functional residual capacity

Question 13

FRC is composed of _____ and _______

Answer 13

residual volume
expiratory reserve volume

Question 14

RV and TLC can be measured in two ways

Answer 14

helium dilution
body plethysmography

Question 15

measure of the elastic properties of the lung

reflects how easily the lung is distended

Answer 15

lung compliance

Question 16

force causes by water molecules at the air-liquid interface that tends to minimize surface area which makes inflating the lungs more difficult

Answer 16

surface tension

Question 17

alveoli are lined with a predominantly lipid based substance called _______

Answer 17

surfactant

Question 18

major phospholipid is the ________

Answer 18

phosphatidylcholine

Question 19

approximately 75% of surfactant is phosphatidylcholine __________

Answer 19

dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine

Question 20

2nd most abundant phospholipid is ___________ accounts for 1-10% surfactant

Answer 20

phoshpahtidylglycerol