HEMOSTASIS

Question 1

smooth surface is not conducive to clot formation

has display membrane proteins (thrombomodulin) that inhibit clotting

store von willebrand factor in cytoplasmic alpha granules

Answer 1

intact endothelial cells

Question 2

contain membrane proteins and extracellular matrix proteins (collagen) that normally do not contact blood

Answer 2

subendothelial cells

Question 3

enucleated cells that are fragments of larger progenitor cells called megakaryocytes

production is primarily regulated by thrombopoietan and other growth factors

half life in the blood = 8-12days

Answer 3

platelets

Question 4

vascular spasm/constriction
platelet plug formation

Answer 4

primary hemostasis

Question 5

clot organization
blood coagulation

Answer 5

secondary hemostasis

Question 6

fibrinolysis

Answer 6

tertiary hemostasis

Question 7

reduces the flow of blood from the vessel rupture

Answer 7

vascular constriction

Question 8

platelet adhesion
platelet secretion
platelet aggregation

Answer 8

formation of platelet plug

Question 9

binding of platelet to non-platelet surface: sub endothelial collagen

plasma proteins required for normal platelet adhesion:
thrombin
fibronectin
VWF

Answer 9

platelet adhesion

Question 10

primary ADP stimulates aggregation
Thromboxane A2
serotonin enhance vasoconstriction

Answer 10

platelet secretion

Question 11

END RESULT: platelet plug

Answer 11

platelet aggregation

Question 12

formation prothrombin activator in response to rupture of the vessel and damage

catalytic conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

thrombin acts as enzyme to convert fibrinogen into fibrin

Answer 12

clot formation

Question 13

factors 3 and 4 roman numerals indicate inactive forms as they exist in the _____

Answer 13

plasma

Question 14

proenzymes

________________ are each activated by proteolytic cleavage to become enzymatically active

Answer 14

factors 12,11, 9, 7, 10, 11

Question 15

vitamin k dependent clotting factors

Answer 15

2, 7, 9, 10

Question 16

co factors are non enzymatic proteins that are essential for the optimal activity of the enzymes of the clotting cascade

Answer 16

tissue factor (factor 3), factor 8, factor 4 are cofactors

Question 17

platelets contain 3 types of secretory granules which are

Answer 17

lysosome
alpha granules
delta granules

Question 18

__________________ are required for promotion and acceleration of almost all blood clotting reactions

except activation of 12 and 11 (intrinsic mechanism)

Answer 18

calcium ions

Question 19

physiologic inhibitors of coagulation

Answer 19

antithrombin 3
activated protein c and s
thrombomodulin
prostacyclin

Question 20

inactivates thrombin
attaches to thrombin 2a and inactivates it preventing thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin

Answer 20

antithrombin 3

Question 21

inactivates antithrombin 3
binds to activated _________ factors

Answer 21

9a, 10a, 11a, 12a

Question 22

antithrombin 3 is enhanced and accelerated by presence of ____________ (either naturally released from basophils or given therapeutically as an anticoagulant)

Answer 22

heparin

Question 23

produced by liver

vitamin K dependent

inactivates factors 5 and 8

stimulates fibrinolysis

activated by thrombin 2a

Answer 23

protein c

Question 24

protein c inactivates factors ________

Answer 24

factors 5 and 8 inactivated by protein c

Question 25

cofactor to protein c to enhance its ability to degrade factors 5 and 8 vitamin k dependent and produced by the liver

Answer 25

protein S

Question 26

binds with thrombin thrombomodulin - thrombin complex activates protein c which inactivates factors 5 and 8

Answer 26

thrombomodulin

Question 27

natural anticoagulants

Answer 27

heparin, anti thromboplastin

Question 28

heparin comes from basophils and mast cells and potentiates effects of antithrombin 3 which inhibits factors ____________

Answer 28

9, 10, 11, 12 and thrombin (activated factor 3)

Question 29

inhibits factor 3 (tissue factors - tissue thromboplastin)

Answer 29

antithromboplastin

Question 30

________ is necessary for production of prothrombin, factor 7, 9, 10, & protein c

Answer 30

vitamin k

Question 31

severe reduction in the number of platelets bleeding from small venules and capillaries

Answer 31

thrombocytopenia

Question 32

widespread coagulation which leads to thrombosis in small blood vessels, increased fibrinolysis and depletion of coagulating factors which leads to generalized bleeding

Answer 32

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 33

hemophilia which occurs in males transmitted by women (X chromosome) A: Factor 8 deficiency 85% B: Factor 9 deficiency

Answer 33

Hemophilia

Question 34

hemophilia A is _______ deficiency

Answer 34

factor 8

Question 35

hemophilia b is ________ deficiency

Answer 35

factor 9

Question 36

abnormal blood clot develops in blood vesel

Answer 36

thrombus

Question 37

freely floating blood clot

Answer 37

embolus