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PHYSIOLOGY > RESPIRATORY 1 > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY 1 Flashcards

1
Q

exchange of O2 and CO2 between environment and the respiratory system

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

converted to angiotensin II by ACE

A

Angiotensin I

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3
Q

alters or decreases the surface tension

produced in lungs

A

surfactant

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4
Q

prevents possible thromboembolism

A

fibrinolytic system

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5
Q

major function is to condition the inspired air (body temp. and fully humidified)

A

upper airways

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6
Q

air spaces that help lighten the skull

A

sinuses

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7
Q

helps patency of trachea

holds structure of trachea

A

C Cartilage

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8
Q

prevents aspiration of food particles when you swallow into the lower airways

A

larynx

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9
Q

the larynx is governed by ______ muscles of laryngeal area

A

abductor

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10
Q

bifurcation area

contains a lot of irritant receptors

A

Carina

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11
Q

volume of air in the conducting airways is termed as ______

A

dead space volume

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12
Q

involved in gas exchanged

includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

A

respiratory zone/unit

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13
Q

characterized by airflow limitation because of narrowing of the airway that may be due to bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, or smooth muscle hypertrophy

A

obstructive pulmonary diseases

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14
Q

lines the respiratory tract to bronchioles

propels mucus and waste materials towards the pharynx for expectoration

A

ciliated cells

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15
Q

Surface Secretory Cells

A

Goblet Cells

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16
Q

alveolar macrophages

phagocytize inhaled particles and bacteria

A

dust cells

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17
Q

thin squamous epithelial cells

forms 90% of alveolar surface where gas exchange occurs

A

alveolar cells type I

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18
Q

round to cubed shaped secretory cells

produces surfactant

help reduce surface tension and regenerative capacity

A

alveolar cells type II

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19
Q

where actual gas exchange takes place

where gas will diffuse to the respiratory membrane and enter the blood capillaries

A

respiratory membrane

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20
Q

main component of surfactant

A

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

21
Q

formation and metabolism of surfactant involves ______ which are formed in Type II Alveolar cells

A

lamellar bodies

22
Q

The smallest arteries divide into arterioles and then into pulmonary capillaries, which
form dense networks __________ around the alveoli

A

capillary baskets

23
Q

on standing blood flow is lowest at the ____ of the lungs and highest at the ____

A

apex
base

24
Q

in fetuses, pulmonary circulation has a ___________ because the lungs are partially collapsed

A

higher vascular resistance

25
Q

Activation of B2 Adrenergic Receptors leads to __________; ↑ bronchial secretion
_________ control

A

bronchodilation
sympathetic control

26
Q

Activation of Muscarinic Receptors ——> _________
_________ control

A

bronchoconstriction
parasympathetic control

27
Q

An autosomal recessive disorder in which dynein is missing in cilia and, in males, the flagella of the sperm

A

Kartagener’s syndrome

28
Q

sneeze reflex
function to dislodge foreign substances from nasal cavity

Afferent impulses pass in CN ________to the medulla

A

V, five

29
Q

coughing reflex

Afferent impulses pass in CN ____to the medulla

Dislodge irritants at carina area

A

X, ten

30
Q

Work required to expand the lungs against its elastic forces

A

Compliance Work (Elastic Work)

31
Q

Work required to overcome airway resistance during air movement into the lungs

A

Airway Resistance Work

32
Q

Also called Intra-Pulmonary Pressure
Pressure in the alveolar cell

A

Intra-Alveolar Pressure

33
Q

Pressure in the intrapleural space
Pressure is negative due to the opposing forces of the lungs
trying to collapse and the chest wall trying to expand

A

Intrapleural Pressure

34
Q

Pressure difference across the wall of the lungs
Keeps the lungs against the chest wall and prevents collapse

A

Transpulmonary Pressure

35
Q

Relationship between the pressure and
volume of gases

As a volume of a chamber increases, gas pressure within it
decreases (air goes in)

A

Boyle’s Law

36
Q

Distensibility (Stretchability)

Ease with which the lungs can expand/open

Inversely correlated with elasticity

A

Compliance

37
Q

Tendency of the lungs to return to its initial size after distention (usual position: collapsed)

Lungs has high content of elastin proteins

A

Elasticity

38
Q

Volume of gas inspired or expired in a unforced breathing cycle

A

Tidal Volume

39
Q

Maximum volume of gas that can be inspired during forced breathing in addition to Tidal Volume

A

inspiratory reserve volume

40
Q

Maximum volume of gas that can be expired during forced breathing in addition to Tidal Volume

A

Expiratory reserve volume

41
Q

Maximum volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration

A

Residual Volume

42
Q

Total amount of gas in lungs after a maximum inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity

43
Q

Total amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration

A

Vital Capacity

44
Q

Maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration

A

Inspiratory Capacity

45
Q

Amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

A

Functional Residual Capacity

46
Q

Total amount of air entering or leaving the lungs each minute

A

minute ventilation

47
Q

Volume of air that enters the alveoli each minute

A

Alveolar Ventilation

48
Q

0 (if all cells are functioning)
Is the volume of the conducting airways
Is normally approximately 150 mL

A

Anatomic dead space

49
Q
A

PHYSIOLOGY (33 decks)

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