RESPIRATORY 1

Question 1

exchange of O2 and CO2 between environment and the respiratory system

Answer 1

gas exchange

Question 2

converted to angiotensin II by ACE

Answer 2

Angiotensin I

Question 3

alters or decreases the surface tension

produced in lungs

Answer 3

surfactant

Question 4

prevents possible thromboembolism

Answer 4

fibrinolytic system

Question 5

major function is to condition the inspired air (body temp. and fully humidified)

Answer 5

upper airways

Question 6

air spaces that help lighten the skull

Answer 6

sinuses

Question 7

helps patency of trachea

holds structure of trachea

Answer 7

C Cartilage

Question 8

prevents aspiration of food particles when you swallow into the lower airways

Answer 8

larynx

Question 9

the larynx is governed by ______ muscles of laryngeal area

Answer 9

abductor

Question 10

bifurcation area

contains a lot of irritant receptors

Answer 10

Carina

Question 11

volume of air in the conducting airways is termed as ______

Answer 11

dead space volume

Question 12

involved in gas exchanged

includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveolar sacs

Answer 12

respiratory zone/unit

Question 13

characterized by airflow limitation because of narrowing of the airway that may be due to bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, or smooth muscle hypertrophy

Answer 13

obstructive pulmonary diseases

Question 14

lines the respiratory tract to bronchioles

propels mucus and waste materials towards the pharynx for expectoration

Answer 14

ciliated cells

Question 15

Surface Secretory Cells

Answer 15

Goblet Cells

Question 16

alveolar macrophages

phagocytize inhaled particles and bacteria

Answer 16

dust cells

Question 17

thin squamous epithelial cells

forms 90% of alveolar surface where gas exchange occurs

Answer 17

alveolar cells type I

Question 18

round to cubed shaped secretory cells

produces surfactant

help reduce surface tension and regenerative capacity

Answer 18

alveolar cells type II

Question 19

where actual gas exchange takes place

where gas will diffuse to the respiratory membrane and enter the blood capillaries

Answer 19

respiratory membrane

Question 20

main component of surfactant

Answer 20

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Question 21

formation and metabolism of surfactant involves ______ which are formed in Type II Alveolar cells

Answer 21

lamellar bodies

Question 22

The smallest arteries divide into arterioles and then into pulmonary capillaries, which
form dense networks __________ around the alveoli

Answer 22

capillary baskets

Question 23

on standing blood flow is lowest at the ____ of the lungs and highest at the ____

Answer 23

apex
base

Question 24

in fetuses, pulmonary circulation has a ___________ because the lungs are partially collapsed

Answer 24

higher vascular resistance

Question 25

Activation of B2 Adrenergic Receptors leads to __________; ↑ bronchial secretion _________ control

Answer 25

bronchodilation sympathetic control

Question 26

Activation of Muscarinic Receptors ------> _________ _________ control

Answer 26

bronchoconstriction parasympathetic control

Question 27

An autosomal recessive disorder in which dynein is missing in cilia and, in males, the flagella of the sperm

Answer 27

Kartagener's syndrome

Question 28

sneeze reflex function to dislodge foreign substances from nasal cavity Afferent impulses pass in CN ________to the medulla

Answer 28

V, five

Question 29

coughing reflex Afferent impulses pass in CN ____to the medulla Dislodge irritants at carina area

Answer 29

X, ten

Question 30

Work required to expand the lungs against its elastic forces

Answer 30

Compliance Work (Elastic Work)

Question 31

Work required to overcome airway resistance during air movement into the lungs

Answer 31

Airway Resistance Work

Question 32

Also called Intra-Pulmonary Pressure Pressure in the alveolar cell

Answer 32

Intra-Alveolar Pressure

Question 33

Pressure in the intrapleural space Pressure is negative due to the opposing forces of the lungs trying to collapse and the chest wall trying to expand

Answer 33

Intrapleural Pressure

Question 34

Pressure difference across the wall of the lungs Keeps the lungs against the chest wall and prevents collapse

Answer 34

Transpulmonary Pressure

Question 35

Relationship between the pressure and volume of gases As a volume of a chamber increases, gas pressure within it decreases (air goes in)

Answer 35

Boyle's Law

Question 36

Distensibility (Stretchability) Ease with which the lungs can expand/open Inversely correlated with elasticity

Answer 36

Compliance

Question 37

Tendency of the lungs to return to its initial size after distention (usual position: collapsed) Lungs has high content of elastin proteins

Answer 37

Elasticity

Question 38

Volume of gas inspired or expired in a unforced breathing cycle

Answer 38

Tidal Volume

Question 39

Maximum volume of gas that can be inspired during forced breathing in addition to Tidal Volume

Answer 39

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 40

Maximum volume of gas that can be expired during forced breathing in addition to Tidal Volume

Answer 40

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 41

Maximum volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration

Answer 41

Residual Volume

Question 42

Total amount of gas in lungs after a maximum inspiration

Answer 42

Total Lung Capacity

Question 43

Total amount of gas that can be expired after a maximum inspiration

Answer 43

Vital Capacity

Question 44

Maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration

Answer 44

Inspiratory Capacity

Question 45

Amount of gas remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

Answer 45

Functional Residual Capacity

Question 46

Total amount of air entering or leaving the lungs each minute

Answer 46

minute ventilation

Question 47

Volume of air that enters the alveoli each minute

Answer 47

Alveolar Ventilation

Question 48

0 (if all cells are functioning) Is the volume of the conducting airways Is normally approximately 150 mL

Answer 48

Anatomic dead space