IMMUNOLOGY 2 Flashcards
state of relative resistance to disease
immunity
natural/native immunity
early line of defense
mechanisms: epithelial barriers, acid secretions
eliminate microbes: phagocytes, NK cells and complement system
innate immunity
stimulated by microbes
fine specificity for foreign substances
responds more slowly but more effectively against each successive exposure
mechanisms:
block infections and eliminate microbes: antibodies from B lymphocytes (humoral)
eradicate intracellular microbes: T lymphocytes (cell mediated)
Adaptive (acquired) immunity
properties of adaptive immunity
specificity memory clonal expansion
injurious/pathologic immune reactions usually occuring due to:
uncontrolled response to foreign antigens leading to tissue injury
immune response directed to self antigen
hypersensitivity
types of hypersensitivity
immediate hypersensitivity
antibody-mediated cytotoxic reaction
immune complex diseases
delayed type hypersensitivity
rapid
reactions range from mild manifestations associated with food allergies to life threatening anaphylactic shock
caused by inaappropriate IgE production
immediate hypersensitivity
examples of immediate hypersensitivity
allergic rhinitis
food allergies
bronchial asthma
anaphylaxis
complement fixing antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards self or non-self cells bind compliment via classical pathway leading to cytotoxic actions or complement mediated lysis
used to destroy large organisms that cannot be phagocytised
antibody mediated cytotoxic reaction
examples of mediated cytotoxic reaction
goodpasture’s syndrom
pemphigus vulgaris
transfusion reaction with RBC lysis
when large amounts of IgG and IgM combine with soluble antigens these immune complexes are deposited in tissues leading to inflammation and tissue injury
immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
examples of immune complex diseases
systemic lupus erythematosus
infective endocarditis
acute glomerulonephritis
tissue injury is mediated by T-helper or cytotoxic t cells
independent of antibodies
antigen sensitized cells release cytokines following a secondary contact with the same antigen
cytokines induce inflammatory reaction and attract macrophages
ex: tuberculosis
delayed type hypersensitivity
mutations in enzymes transcription factors receptors and other regulators
primary immunodeficiency
when an outside source like chemical or infection weakens your body
secondary immunodeficiency
