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PHYSIOLOGY > GIT 3: SECRETORY FUNCTIONS > Flashcards

GIT 3: SECRETORY FUNCTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

intrinsic nervous system in response to: tactile stimulation, chemical irritation and distention

enteric nervous system

intrinsic nervous system

A

Meissner’s plexus

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2
Q

parasympathetic nerves

increases rate of glandular secretion

salivary glands, esophageal gastric glands, brunner’s glands in duodenum, pancreas

A

glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves

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3
Q

increases rate of glandular secretion
parasympathetic
pelvic nerves

A

distal colon

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4
Q

sympathetic
alone: slight increase in secretion
superimposed with parasympathetic or hormonal stimulation
vasoconstriction decrease secretion

A

sympathetic

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4
Q

primary control is by parasympathetic

controls submandib and sublingual glands

A

facial nerve

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5
Q

serous secretion (saliva)

A

ptyalin (alpha amylase) digests starches

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5
Q

mucus secretions (saliva)

A

mucin lubrication

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6
Q

acinar cells
pytalin mucin
cl channels
isotonic with plasma, slight alkaline

A

primary secretion of salivary

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7
Q

duct cells reabsorb Na, Cl and secrete K, and HCO3

hypotonic, alkaline

A

secondary secretion

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8
Q

saliva is hypotonic and slightly alkaline

A

at rest salivary secretion

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9
Q

isotonic and alkaline

A

stimulated salivary secretion

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10
Q

types of tubular glands

A

gastric/oxyntic glands
pyloric glands

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11
Q

oxyntic glands cells / gastric gland cells

A

mucous neck cells: mucus
parietal cells: HCL, intrinsic factor
peptic cells: pepsinogen

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12
Q

pyloric glands cells

A

g cells: gastrin
mucous cells: mucus

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13
Q

located at the parietal cell

essential for absorption of Vitamin B12 in ileum
secreted along with HCL

A

intrinsic factor

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14
Q

located within the parietal cells

secreted by gastric cells just before ingestion of a meal
increases appetite and food intake

A

ghrelin

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15
Q

secreted in response to acid, fat, protein breakdown products and hyper or hypo osmotic fluids or irritating factors in upper small intestine

inhibits gastric activity

A

enterogastrones

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16
Q

inhibitory enterogastrones

A

acid
secretin
CCK
somatostatin
Prostaglandin E2
GIP
VIP
GLP-1
Calcitonin
Peptide YY

17
Q

release stimulated by

distention of the stomach
presence of small peptides and amino acids
stimulation of the vagus n.

A

gastrin

18
Q

enterogastrone

A

secreted throughout the GI tract in response to H+ in the lumen
inhibited by the vagus
inhibits the release of all GI hormones
Inhibits gastric H+ secretion

19
Q

sight, smell, thought, taste of food

cerebral cortex, appetite center of amygdala and hypothalamus - DMN of vagus nerve

30% of acid secretion

A

cephalic phase

20
Q

distenstion stomach/ products or protein digestion/ vagal aff/ brainstem/ vagal eff

long vagovagal reflex
local enteric reflex
gastrin-histamine mechanism
60 percent of acid secretion

A

gastric phase

21
Q

food in duodenum

gastrin, nervous mechanism

10 percent of gastric acid secretion

A

intestinal phase

22
Q

gastrin effects of secretion of G cells

increase gastric secretion
increase gastric motor activity
increase gastric blood flow
trophic action on the gastric mucosa

A

gastrin

23
Q

increase water and electrolyte secretion of liver pancreas and small interstine

increase pancreatic enzyme secretion

stimulates lower esophageal sphincter and gallbladder contraction

A

extra-gastric effects of gastrin

24
Q

an ulcerative lesion of the gastric/duodenal mucosa

caused by the erosive and digestive action of H+ and pepsin on the mucosa

loss of protective mucous barrier
excessive H+ and pepsin secretion
combination of two

A

peptic ulcer disease

25
Q

mucus glands of duodenum
mucus for protection from digestion with large amount of bicarbonate to neutralize acid

secretes alkaline mucus in response to tactile/irritating stimuli in duodenum, vagal stimulation, GI hormones

inhibited by sympathetic stimulation

A

brunner’s glands

26
Q

secretes mucus in intestinal villi

A

goblet cells

27
Q

secretes large quantities of water and electrolytes
reabsorbs water and electrolytes with end products of digestion
contain digestive enzymes

A

enterocytes

28
Q

regulates enteric secretions

A

local enteric nervous system

29
Q

regulates colonic secretion

direct tactile stimulation of epithelial cells

A

local nervous reflex
parasympathetic innervation

30
Q

pancreatic secretions

small volume of initial pancreatic secretion

stimulated by CCK

A

acinar cells

31
Q

modify initial secretions by secreting bicarbonate and absorbing chloride

permeable to water

stimulated by secretin

A

ductal cells

32
Q

same Na and K concentration than plasma
high volume
higher bicarbonate concentration than plasma
much lower chloride concentration than plasma
pancreatic amylase, lipase and proteases

A

pancreatic secretions

33
Q

secreted by I cells

stimulates chief cells, pyloric sphincter, gallbladder contraction, enteropeptidase, enteric and colonic motor activity, trophic action on pancreas

A

cholecystokinin

34
Q

secreted by S cells in duodenum

acts on pancreatic ductal cells to increase bicarbonate secretion

stimulates pancreatic secretion of watery alkaline juice

stimulates brunner’s glands, chief cells
stimulates water and bicarbonate secretion by liver, increases rate of bile flow

inhibits parietal cell, gastric and enteric motor activity

A

secretin

35
Q

stimulates digestive enzyme secretion by the acinar cells

potentiates secretin effects

A

acetylcholine

36
Q

pancreatic secretion

pancreatic enzyme secretion (acini)

A

cck

37
Q

pancreatic secretion

pancreatic bicarbonate rich fluid

A

secretin

38
Q

releases enzymes into acini

pancreatic secretion

A

vagal stimulation

39
Q

stimulated by CCK
modification of primary secretion is primarily stimulated by secretin
contains bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipid, bile pigments stored and concentrated in the gall bladder

A

bile

40
Q

micellar solution: 10:3:1

A

BA, phophatidylcholine:cholesterol

41
Q
A

PHYSIOLOGY (33 decks)

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