GIT 3: SECRETORY FUNCTIONS

Question 1

intrinsic nervous system in response to: tactile stimulation, chemical irritation and distention

enteric nervous system

intrinsic nervous system

Answer 1

Meissner’s plexus

Question 2

parasympathetic nerves

increases rate of glandular secretion

salivary glands, esophageal gastric glands, brunner’s glands in duodenum, pancreas

Answer 2

glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves

Question 3

increases rate of glandular secretion
parasympathetic
pelvic nerves

Answer 3

distal colon

Question 4

sympathetic
alone: slight increase in secretion
superimposed with parasympathetic or hormonal stimulation
vasoconstriction decrease secretion

Answer 4

sympathetic

Question 4

primary control is by parasympathetic

controls submandib and sublingual glands

Answer 4

facial nerve

Question 5

serous secretion (saliva)

Answer 5

ptyalin (alpha amylase) digests starches

Question 5

mucus secretions (saliva)

Answer 5

mucin lubrication

Question 6

acinar cells
pytalin mucin
cl channels
isotonic with plasma, slight alkaline

Answer 6

primary secretion of salivary

Question 7

duct cells reabsorb Na, Cl and secrete K, and HCO3

hypotonic, alkaline

Answer 7

secondary secretion

Question 8

saliva is hypotonic and slightly alkaline

Answer 8

at rest salivary secretion

Question 9

isotonic and alkaline

Answer 9

stimulated salivary secretion

Question 10

types of tubular glands

Answer 10

gastric/oxyntic glands
pyloric glands

Question 11

oxyntic glands cells / gastric gland cells

Answer 11

mucous neck cells: mucus
parietal cells: HCL, intrinsic factor
peptic cells: pepsinogen

Question 12

pyloric glands cells

Answer 12

g cells: gastrin
mucous cells: mucus

Question 13

located at the parietal cell

essential for absorption of Vitamin B12 in ileum
secreted along with HCL

Answer 13

intrinsic factor

Question 14

located within the parietal cells

secreted by gastric cells just before ingestion of a meal
increases appetite and food intake

Answer 14

ghrelin

Question 15

secreted in response to acid, fat, protein breakdown products and hyper or hypo osmotic fluids or irritating factors in upper small intestine

inhibits gastric activity

Answer 15

enterogastrones

Question 16

inhibitory enterogastrones

Answer 16

acid
secretin
CCK
somatostatin
Prostaglandin E2
GIP
VIP
GLP-1
Calcitonin
Peptide YY

Question 17

release stimulated by

distention of the stomach
presence of small peptides and amino acids
stimulation of the vagus n.

Answer 17

gastrin

Question 18

enterogastrone

Answer 18

secreted throughout the GI tract in response to H+ in the lumen
inhibited by the vagus
inhibits the release of all GI hormones
Inhibits gastric H+ secretion

Question 19

sight, smell, thought, taste of food

cerebral cortex, appetite center of amygdala and hypothalamus - DMN of vagus nerve

30% of acid secretion

Answer 19

cephalic phase

Question 20

distenstion stomach/ products or protein digestion/ vagal aff/ brainstem/ vagal eff

long vagovagal reflex
local enteric reflex
gastrin-histamine mechanism
60 percent of acid secretion

Answer 20

gastric phase

Question 21

food in duodenum

gastrin, nervous mechanism

10 percent of gastric acid secretion

Answer 21

intestinal phase

Question 22

gastrin effects of secretion of G cells

increase gastric secretion
increase gastric motor activity
increase gastric blood flow
trophic action on the gastric mucosa

Answer 22

gastrin

Question 23

increase water and electrolyte secretion of liver pancreas and small interstine increase pancreatic enzyme secretion stimulates lower esophageal sphincter and gallbladder contraction

Answer 23

extra-gastric effects of gastrin

Question 24

an ulcerative lesion of the gastric/duodenal mucosa caused by the erosive and digestive action of H+ and pepsin on the mucosa loss of protective mucous barrier excessive H+ and pepsin secretion combination of two

Answer 24

peptic ulcer disease

Question 25

mucus glands of duodenum mucus for protection from digestion with large amount of bicarbonate to neutralize acid secretes alkaline mucus in response to tactile/irritating stimuli in duodenum, vagal stimulation, GI hormones inhibited by sympathetic stimulation

Answer 25

brunner's glands

Question 26

secretes mucus in intestinal villi

Answer 26

goblet cells

Question 27

secretes large quantities of water and electrolytes reabsorbs water and electrolytes with end products of digestion contain digestive enzymes

Answer 27

enterocytes

Question 28

regulates enteric secretions

Answer 28

local enteric nervous system

Question 29

regulates colonic secretion direct tactile stimulation of epithelial cells

Answer 29

local nervous reflex parasympathetic innervation

Question 30

pancreatic secretions small volume of initial pancreatic secretion stimulated by CCK

Answer 30

acinar cells

Question 31

modify initial secretions by secreting bicarbonate and absorbing chloride permeable to water stimulated by secretin

Answer 31

ductal cells

Question 32

same Na and K concentration than plasma high volume higher bicarbonate concentration than plasma much lower chloride concentration than plasma pancreatic amylase, lipase and proteases

Answer 32

pancreatic secretions

Question 33

secreted by I cells stimulates chief cells, pyloric sphincter, gallbladder contraction, enteropeptidase, enteric and colonic motor activity, trophic action on pancreas

Answer 33

cholecystokinin

Question 34

secreted by S cells in duodenum acts on pancreatic ductal cells to increase bicarbonate secretion stimulates pancreatic secretion of watery alkaline juice stimulates brunner's glands, chief cells stimulates water and bicarbonate secretion by liver, increases rate of bile flow inhibits parietal cell, gastric and enteric motor activity

Answer 34

secretin

Question 35

stimulates digestive enzyme secretion by the acinar cells potentiates secretin effects

Answer 35

acetylcholine

Question 36

pancreatic secretion pancreatic enzyme secretion (acini)

Answer 36

cck

Question 37

pancreatic secretion pancreatic bicarbonate rich fluid

Answer 37

secretin

Question 38

releases enzymes into acini pancreatic secretion

Answer 38

vagal stimulation

Question 39

stimulated by CCK modification of primary secretion is primarily stimulated by secretin contains bile salts, cholesterol, and phospholipid, bile pigments stored and concentrated in the gall bladder

Answer 39

bile

Question 40

micellar solution: 10:3:1

Answer 40

BA, phophatidylcholine:cholesterol