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PHYSIOLOGY > CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY > Flashcards

CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

cells are organized into 3 main regions

A

nucleus cytoplasm plasma membrane

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2
Q

70-85%, principal fluid medium of the cell, where chemical reactions take place

A

water

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3
Q

10-20%, both structural and functional

A

proteins

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4
Q

proteins that form the cytoskeleton of the cellular organelles

A

structural proteins

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5
Q

proteins that act as enzymes to control metabolic functions

A

functional proteins

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6
Q

2% of cells mass, forms the cell membrane and intracellular membrane barriers that separate the cell components,
fats stored in cells are the main storehouse of energy giving nutrients

A

lipids

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7
Q

1% of cell mass, major nutrition of the cell, little structural function as part of glycoproteins

A

carbohydrates

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8
Q

provides inorganic chemicals for cellular reaction

A

ions

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9
Q

aqueous solution that contains organic molecules, organelles and inclusions

A

cytoplasm

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10
Q

a network of tubular and flat vesicular structures in the cytoplasm, connected to the nuclear membrane, highway of the cells

A

endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

ribosomes are attached to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane ,

site of the translation of mRNA and postranslational modification of proteins to be secreted from the cells

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

no attached ribosomes, functions for the synthesis of lipids, site of steroid synthesis, site of detoxification process in other cells

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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13
Q

complex structure containing mixture of proteins and RNA, sites of protein synthesis, found either attached to ER or floating free in the cytosol

A

ribosomes

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14
Q

stack of flattened membrane sac, provides processing and forms secretory vesicles containing proteins to be secreted through the cell membrane, packaging of the cells

A

golgi apparatus

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15
Q

powerhouse of the cell, site where ATP is generated through oxidative phosphorylation, bounded by a two-lipid bilayer membrane, contains DNA controlling replication

A

mitochondria

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16
Q

vesicular organelles formed from golgi apparatus, contains hydrolytic enzymes,
digestive system of the cell

A

lysosomes

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17
Q

dissolves bacterial cell membrane

A

lysozyme

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18
Q

binds iron before they promote bacterial growth

A

lysoferrin

19
Q

Genetic disorder caused by absence of single lysosomal enzyme

seizures, muscle rigidity, blind, demented, and dead before the age of 5

A

Tay-Sachs Disorder

20
Q

similar to lysosomes except it buds off from the endoplasmic reticulum, contains oxidative enzymes.

microbodies

A

peroxisomes

21
Q

contractile elements in muscle cells

A

microfilaments

22
Q

structural support

A

intermediate filaments

23
Q

intracellular transport of vesicles, chromosome movement during mitosis, movement of cilia and flagella

A

microtubules

24
Q

cilia

A

for locomotion, dynein responsible for the whiplike movement of the cilia

25
Q

an autosomal recessive disorder in which dynein is missing in cilia and in males the flagella of sperm-infertile males

impaired mucociliary transport

A

kartagener’s syndrome

26
Q

control center of the cell

control and promote reproduction of cell

A

nucleus

27
Q

double membrane with spaces between called perinuclear cisterns

contains nuclear pores through which transport of proteins and mRNA occurs

A

nuclear membrane

28
Q

staining structure inside the nucleus

site of ribosome synthesis

granules rich in RNA

most prominent and numerous in growing cells

A

Nucleolus

29
Q

basophilic material composed of DNA and associated proteins (histones)

scattered throughout the nucleoplasm

condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides

A

chromatin

30
Q

separates intracellular contents from extracellular environment

lipid bilayer with associated proteins

A

plasma membrane

31
Q

regulates transport of molecules into and out of the cell

A

selective permeability

32
Q

restricts passages of some substances while permitting the passage of others

A

semipermeable

33
Q

embedded in lipid bilayer
transmembrane proteins
channel or carrier protein

A

integral protein

34
Q

bind to integral proteins
easily removed
enzyme or signal transducer

A

peripheral proteins

35
Q

related to the effect of the solution to the volume of the cell

A

tonicity

36
Q

solution with the higher concentration of solutes

A

hypertonic

37
Q

solution with lower concentration of solutes

A

hypotonic

38
Q

solution with equal solute concentrations

A

isotonic

39
Q

occurs when a membrane separating 2 solutions is permeable to some but not all the molecules in solution

A

Gibbs donnan effect

40
Q

hypotonic media: cells swell

transports osmotically active particles out of cells — decrease osmotic pressure and restore cell volume to normal

A

regulatory volume decrease

41
Q

hypertonic media: cells shrink

transports osmolytes into cell — increase intracellular osmotic pressure - restores cell volume to normal

A

regulatory volume increase

42
Q

spontaneous process by which a substances moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration driven by thermal motion of molecules

A

diffusion

43
Q

transport of substances down their concentration/electrochemical gradient using carrier proteins

does not require energy

carrier mediated diffusion

ex: glucose transporter

A

facilitated diffusion

44
Q

substances and solvent move across the membrane driven by a hydrostatic pressure gradient

solute containing fluid pushed from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area

A

PHYSIOLOGY (33 decks)

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