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Parasitology > Spiruroids > Flashcards

Spiruroids Flashcards

1
Q

Spirurida features

A

2 lateral lips, muscular oesohpagus with posterior glandular section, indirect LC, eggs with L1 or L1 viviparous

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2
Q

Split into which groups?

A

Filarid and non-filarid worms

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3
Q

Horse spirurids?

A

Draschia + Habronema

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4
Q

Lifecycle of Habronema and Draschia?

A
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5
Q

Which horse spirurids have musca as their IH vector?

A

Draschia megastoma

Habronema muscae

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6
Q

Lesions caused by Draschia megastoma?

A

Chronic eosinophilic granulomatous nodules and ulcers.

  • may cause obstruction if near the pyloric opening
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7
Q

Which horse spirurid has Stomoxys as their IH?

A

Habronema microstoma

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8
Q

Gastric lesions of Habronema?

A

No nodules

small ulcerations, catarrhal gstritis (hyperplasia/hypertrophy of the mucus secreting cells)

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9
Q

Habronemiosis?

A

Multiple abcesses filled with necrotic debris containing part of the nematode larvae + eosinophilic inflammation around the lesioin.

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10
Q

What are these gorse spirurids?

A

L - Draschia megastoma

R - Habronema spp.

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11
Q

What solution for a faeces or gastric lavage floatation of spirurid eggs?

A

They have heavier eggs so use SG > 1.2 (salt and glucose)

NB: eggs may not shed if the adult is in a nodule

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12
Q

methods to diagnose spirurids

A

Cutaneous lesion biopsy

faecal float

Gastric lavage float

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13
Q

Drug treatment of Habronema

A

Adults: oxfendazol, moxidectin

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14
Q

Treatment of cutaneous lesions of habronemiosis (L3)

A
  • ivermectin, abamectin, moxidectin
  • surgical debridement, cryotherapy, corticosteroids + MLs
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15
Q

Other management for horses?

A

Control the vector

  • dispose and compost manure, IGRs
  • Face and eye masks, fans + fly screens in stables
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16
Q

Stomach worms of dogs and cats

A

Spirocerca lupi

Physaloptera praeputialis

Cylicospirura felineus, C. ubequalis

Gnathostoma spinigerum

17
Q

Lifecycle of Spirocerca lupi

A
18
Q

Pathogenesis and clinical signs of Spirocerca lupi

A
  • common in tropical/subtropical regions
  • sudden death due to haemothorax caused by ruptured aortic aneurism
  • Granuloma may become neoplastic -> fibrosarcoma
  • regurgitation, vomiting, weight loss
19
Q

Diagnosis of Spirocerca lupi

A
  • There may be no eggs n the faeces if no fistula in to lumen
  • eggs are heavy
  • endoscopy
  • radiography
20
Q

Treatment of Spirocerca lupi

A
  • moxidectin for prophylactic use
  • off label use of doramectin, moxidectin and milbemyin up to 6 months
  • surgical removal of sarcoma
  • Aid feeding to avoid mega oesophagus
  • disallow scavaging/free roaming
21
Q

Features of Cyclospirura felineus

A

Arthropod is beetle

common in feral cats

-> cysts with 1-40 worms

22
Q

Features of Physaloptera praeeputialis

A
  • Beetles, cockroaches + PH (lizard)
  • small teeth cause ulcers on mucosa
  • catarrhal gastritis +/- melena
23
Q

Lifecycle of Gnathostoma

A
24
Q

Gnathostoma pathogenesis and clinical signs

A

(feral cats and dogs)

  • adults embedded in submucosal gastric nodules with tract leading to gastric lumen
  • subclinical or gastritis, vomiting, anorexia
  • peritonitis - perforated gastric wall
25
Q

Diagnosis of Gnathostoma

A
  • uni plugged eggs on faecal float
  • adults 2-3cm with hooked cephalic bulb
26
Q

How to treat Gnathostoma?

A

Ivermectin?

27
Q

Gnathostamiasis in humans

A
  • Fish born zoonosis
  • L3 penetrate stomach and undergo larva migrans
  • highly pruritic sub cutaneous swellings
28
Q

Spirurid of pigs

A

Gnathostoma hispidum

Ascarops strongylina

Physocephalus sexalatus

29
Q
A
30
Q

What are these pig spirurids?

A

L - Ascarops (spiral rings)

R - Physocephalus (annular rings)

31
Q

What causes these eye lesions?

A

Thalezia spp

32
Q

What causes these lesions in cattle?

A
  • non pathogenic

Gonylonema pulchrum (L - oesophagus)

Gonylonema verrucosum (rumen)

33
Q

Spirurids of birds

A

Gonylonema spp (crop; IH cockroach)

Acuaria spp Tetrameres spp (stomach worms; IH grasshoppers, bettles)

Oxyspirura mansoni (conjunctival sac; IH cockroach)

34
Q

Effects of Acuaria (Dispharyx) + Tetrameres

A

Larvae burrow under gastric mucosa and koilin of gizzard -> inflammation -> can’t grind food well -> vomiting and anorexia

Adults; hypertrophy, fibrous nodular growths in proventriculus, vomiting, anorexia

Parasitology (30 decks)

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