Enoplids + Acanthocephalans Flashcards
Enoplids LC?
Most direct +/- transport host
Spiculesin male
single (ensheathed) or no spicule in Tricjinella
Female reproduction
oviparous (thick-shelled, lemon-shaped egg; bipolar plugs) or viviparous L1 = infective stage
Trichinellosis features
- Meat borne zoonosis (public health significance) - major economic impact - at least 12 species adapted for different environments
Features of encapsulated Trichinella sp
- Mammals only. - L1 surrounded by collagen capsule or ‘nurse cell’ within muscle tissue
Features of Non- encapsulated Trichinella sp
- Mammals, birds, reptiles, marsupials - L1 ‘free’ in muscle tissue
Lifecycle of Trichinella
Direct predator prey relationship
L1 in muscle tissue
Mating adults are only in intestines for a short period of time (2 weeks and then die)
What group of Trichinella?
Non-encapsulated
What group of Trichinella?
Encapsulated
When would a person get Trichinellosis?
Eatining raw/undercooked meat
Domestic pork- T. spiralis
Hunted game meat- Feral pig, cougar, bear, crocodile, walrus etc
Trichinellosis clinical signs
- animals = none
- severity depends on dose ingested
Per-acute (intestinal phase)
- Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever
Acute
- Eosinophilia (elevated CK), Myalgia, fever, vasculitis +/- cardiac/neurological complications -> death
Treating Trichinellosis
Corticosteroids and albendazole to kill L1
Diagnosis of Trichinellosis
Serology
Risk factors for Trichinellosis
POVERTY
- Can’t afford to feed pigs -> allow roaming and scavaging
- Backyard slaughtering
- Lack of meat inspection
Trichinellosis prevention and control
- Proper animal husbandry practices (don’t allow scavenging pigs)
- Meat preparation (cook over 770C, can’t microwave, salting or smoking also inefective
- Meat inspection and Certification
Freezing (-200 for 2 weeks kill T. spiralis, T. nativa survives -20 for 6 months as its adapted to polar bears)
Testing: Artificial Digestion Methods (HCl and pepsin)
Trichuris generic name
Whipworm
How Trichuris feeds?
Bury stichosome deep into mucosa, digests tissue and ingests fluid
Trichuris egg features
Take 3 weeks to embryonate
Eggs highly resistance (4-5 years in environment)
Trichuris pathogenicity and clinical signs
Heavy infection -> congestion, submucosal oedema, epithelial desquamation, necrosis, fibrosis (mass)
- Lond PPP - 10-12 weeks (not likely in puppy)
- Tenesmus (strain)
- rectal prolapse
- Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia = “Pseuo Addisons” in dogs
What is the cause of this?
Trichuris suis
Diagnosis of trichuris
Eggs are heavy - SG >= to 1.20
Treatment of Trichuris
Oxantel
MLs (not selamectin)
BZs eg fenbendazole, albendazole (3 days), febantel (pro-BZ in combo) single dose
Common name of capillaria?
hairworms
Poultry capillaria sp?
C. annulata (crop)
C. contortus (crop)
C. caudinflata (SI)
C. obstrugnata(SI)
Pathogenesis of Capillaria of poultry
Light infections
- Poor weight gain, lowered egg production
Heavy infections
- Catarrhal thickening, diphtheritic inflammation of oesophagus and crop
Catarrhal, haemorrhagic enteritis
High mortanily
Treatment of capillaria of poultry
Ivermecetin
BZs (fenbendazole)
levamisole
Phylum Acanthocephala common name
thorny headed worms
Features of acanthocephalans
Dioecious
cylindrical
large
proboscis with hooks/spines
no digestivee tract
Lifecycle of acanthocephalans
Identify this worm
Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (pig)
Identify this worm?
Oncicola (dog&cat SI)
