Enoplids + Acanthocephalans Flashcards
Enoplids LC?
Most direct +/- transport host
Spiculesin male
single (ensheathed) or no spicule in Tricjinella
Female reproduction
oviparous (thick-shelled, lemon-shaped egg; bipolar plugs) or viviparous L1 = infective stage
Trichinellosis features
- Meat borne zoonosis (public health significance) - major economic impact - at least 12 species adapted for different environments
Features of encapsulated Trichinella sp
- Mammals only. - L1 surrounded by collagen capsule or ‘nurse cell’ within muscle tissue
Features of Non- encapsulated Trichinella sp
- Mammals, birds, reptiles, marsupials - L1 ‘free’ in muscle tissue
Lifecycle of Trichinella
Direct predator prey relationship
L1 in muscle tissue
Mating adults are only in intestines for a short period of time (2 weeks and then die)
What group of Trichinella?
Non-encapsulated
What group of Trichinella?
Encapsulated
When would a person get Trichinellosis?
Eatining raw/undercooked meat
Domestic pork- T. spiralis
Hunted game meat- Feral pig, cougar, bear, crocodile, walrus etc
Trichinellosis clinical signs
- animals = none
- severity depends on dose ingested
Per-acute (intestinal phase)
- Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever
Acute
- Eosinophilia (elevated CK), Myalgia, fever, vasculitis +/- cardiac/neurological complications -> death
Treating Trichinellosis
Corticosteroids and albendazole to kill L1
Diagnosis of Trichinellosis
Serology
Risk factors for Trichinellosis
POVERTY
- Can’t afford to feed pigs -> allow roaming and scavaging
- Backyard slaughtering
- Lack of meat inspection
Trichinellosis prevention and control
- Proper animal husbandry practices (don’t allow scavenging pigs)
- Meat preparation (cook over 770C, can’t microwave, salting or smoking also inefective
- Meat inspection and Certification
Freezing (-200 for 2 weeks kill T. spiralis, T. nativa survives -20 for 6 months as its adapted to polar bears)
Testing: Artificial Digestion Methods (HCl and pepsin)
Trichuris generic name
Whipworm
How Trichuris feeds?
Bury stichosome deep into mucosa, digests tissue and ingests fluid
Trichuris egg features
Take 3 weeks to embryonate
Eggs highly resistance (4-5 years in environment)
Trichuris pathogenicity and clinical signs
Heavy infection -> congestion, submucosal oedema, epithelial desquamation, necrosis, fibrosis (mass)
- Lond PPP - 10-12 weeks (not likely in puppy)
- Tenesmus (strain)
- rectal prolapse
- Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia = “Pseuo Addisons” in dogs
What is the cause of this?
Trichuris suis
Diagnosis of trichuris
Eggs are heavy - SG >= to 1.20
Treatment of Trichuris
Oxantel
MLs (not selamectin)
BZs eg fenbendazole, albendazole (3 days), febantel (pro-BZ in combo) single dose
Common name of capillaria?
hairworms
Poultry capillaria sp?
C. annulata (crop)
C. contortus (crop)
C. caudinflata (SI)
C. obstrugnata(SI)
