Diptera - Cyclorrhapha - Calliphoridae

Question 1

Type of parasite

Answer 1

Facultative

Question 2

Feed on? Breed in?

Answer 2

decaying organic matter and bector

Question 3

Major diseases

Answer 3

Blow fly strike of sheep (cutaneous myiasis) Screw worm fly (exotic)

Question 4

What is this?

Answer 4

Lucilia cuprina - green blow fly

Question 5

What is this?

Answer 5

Chrysomya rufifacies - the hairy maggot blowfly:

dark bands on abdomen

Question 6

What is this?

Answer 6

Calliphora stygia

speckled brown abdomen

Question 7

What is this?

Answer 7

Sarcophaga sp

flesh fly

3 stripes on thorax

Question 8

What is this?

Answer 8

Chrysomya varipes: small fly with banded legs

Question 9

What is this?

Answer 9

Calliphora augur

brown with blue streak on abdomen

Question 10

What is this?

Answer 10

Chrysomya sp

a blue/green species

Question 11

Primary blowfly strike species

Answer 11

Green

Lucilia cuprina-introduced (90% of strikes)

Lucilia sericata-introduced - urban areas

Question 12

Secondary blowfly strike species

Answer 12

Green:

Chrysoma rufifacies - native (sometimes primary)

Chrysoma varipes - native

Brown:

Calliphora stygia - native (sometimes primary)

Calliphora augurnative - native (sometimes primary)

Question 13

Tertiary blowfly strike species

Answer 13

Black - Ophyra spp. native

Blue - Calliphora vicina - introduced (urban areas)

Flesh flies - Sacrophaga spp. native

Question 14

Distribution of Lucilia cuprina vs sericata

Answer 14

Question 16

Lucilia cuprina egg laying

Answer 16

eggs laid in fleece

laid in the afternoon/night

Question 17

Lucilia cuprina lifecycle effect on host

Answer 17

Olfactory stimulus attracks flies (dags, urine, bacteria) as proteinaceous exudate on skin is needed for 1st instar.

Lasts 17 days in summer

1st instar need protein meal (can’t penetrate skin)

2nd instar penetrates skin (feeds on tissues)

3rd instar matures by 2-19 days

drops to soil at night -> burrows and pupates

overwinter as pupa

emerging female needs protein meal from anywhere

mate once

Question 18

Consequences of lucilia cuprina

Answer 18

most strikes are covert and will heal

however secondary flies can invade and extend wound

Question 19

Clinical signs of fly strike

Answer 19

Day 1-2: Sheep irritated

Day 3: Temperature rises

Day 4 maggots drop, smell!

Day 6: Temperature falls

Healing slow but complete

Can have 30% morality in a bad year

Question 20

Facts about breech strike

Answer 20

Commonest form

soiling of fleece by urine or faeces

scouring due to nematodes

wrinkles predispose animal

Question 21

Body strike facts

Answer 21

Preceded by fleece rot or dermatitis

prolonged wetting of skin -> ketatin lifts -> protein exudates

Pseudomonas spp proliferate and prove olfactory stimulus

Sway back and wrinckles predispose

Wax Content important

Question 22

Fly strike seasonal facts

Answer 22

flies overwinter as pupae

flies emerge in sprin

3 generations in spring

summer too dry for eggs and first instars

2 generations in autumn

Question 23

Fly Strike Control

Answer 23

1. Make sheep less susceptile
   - crutching
   - tail docking
   - removal of conformational faults
   - breed for sheep with suitable fleece characteristics
   - Mulesing (most successful method)
2. Reduce fly numbers
   - treat all strikes early in the season
   - burn or deeply bury carrion
   - fly traps (drums with meat laced with insectocide)
   - Genetic manipulation (sterile male, olfactory method)
   - vaccine (under investigation)
   - Chemicals - organophosphates (resistance) growth regulators (cyromazine, vetrazin)

Question 24

Scientific name for the maggot blowfly

Answer 24

Chrysomya rufifacies

(larvae feed on other maggots)

Question 25

Scientific name for the old world screw worm fly

Answer 25

chysomya bessiana

cause oral myiasis

Question 26

What larvae is this?

Answer 26

Chrysomya bezziana

Question 27

What is the scientific name for the new world screw worm?

Answer 27

Cochliomyia hominivorax

(eradicated in US using sterile male techniques)