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Parasitology > Platyhelminths - Paramphistomatidae, Dicrocoeliidae > Flashcards

Platyhelminths - Paramphistomatidae, Dicrocoeliidae Flashcards

1
Q

Paramphistomatidae shape

A

pear shaped, 5-12mm long and 2-4mm in diameter

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2
Q

Juvenile fluke length

A

1-2 mm

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3
Q

Position of ovaries

A

Behind testes

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4
Q

Pathogenicity of adult

A

Do next to nothing

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5
Q

Planorbid vectors of paramphistomatidae

A

Orthocoelium, Paramphistomum, Gyraulus

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6
Q

Lifecycle of paramphistomatidae

A
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7
Q

Difference between fasciola and paramphistomatidae

A

paramphistomidae don’t migrate to the liver. They stay in the duodenum before going into the rumen.

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8
Q

Pathogenesis with a moderate infection with paramphistomatidae

A

Ill thrift, reduced weight gain, loss milk production

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9
Q

Clinical signs of paramphistomatidae (heavy infection - 72 000 worms)

A

juvanile migration delayed: in duodenum for up to 4 months

  • watery diarrhoea, dehydration and death

Exposure increases immunity

Weaners or immuno-naive animals most susceptible

  • drought, movement, stress
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10
Q

Diagnosis of paramphistomatidae

A

Good history

  • temp, rainfall, grazing conditions, age group affected, drench history

Clinical signs

Post-mortem (look for larvae in duodenum

Eggs in faeces? (not if only larvae -> clinical signs)

  • response to treatment
  • keep on differential list if weaners affected
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11
Q

Treatment of paramphistomatidae

A

Off label use of closantel and oxyclozanide

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12
Q

Control of paramphistomatidae

A
  • Fence/drain affected areas
  • Antihelmintics (off label)
  • Get adults in rumen in late winter to reduce pasture contamination
  • Juvanile flukes in summer to autumn
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13
Q

Features of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

A
  • lancet fluke
  • small, elongated 0.5cm (scalpel blade)
  • genital porw in front of ventral sucker
  • unbranched caeca
  • NOT IN AUSTRALIA
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14
Q

Eggs of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

A

40-25um

smaller eggs with a thcker shell

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15
Q

Lifecycle of Dicrocoelium dentriticum

A
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16
Q

Pathogenicity of Dicrocoelium

A
  • Juvaniles migrate up bile ducts to become adults
  • mildly pathogenic except heavy infections (50 000+)
  • calcification of bile ducts -> liver condemnation
17
Q

Treatment of Dicrocoelium

A

Tough!

Benzimidazoles at a high dose 20mg/kg

Praziquantel

18
Q

Fish borne liver flukes name?

A

Opisthorchis and Clonorchis

19
Q
A
20
Q

Signs of Opisthorchis and clonorchis

A

Aymptomatic

Gall bladder stones

Cholangitis, jaundice

Cholagiocarcinoma (bile duct tumour results from infection)

21
Q

Fish borne intestinal flukes?

A

Heterophyidae, Echnostatidae

22
Q

Signs of intestinal fish borne flukes

A

Asymptomatic or enteritis/gastritis, ulceration

  • diarrhoea, upper gastric pain (peptic ulcers)

SE Asia and China

23
Q

Fish borne liver and intestinal fluke lifecycles

A
24
Q

Risk factors for humans with fish borne liver and intestinal flukes

A
  • traditional eating of raw, fermented or pickled fish
  • poor sanitation (use of animal or human effluent as fish food
  • uncontrolled reservoir host population
25
Q

Diagnosis of fish flukes

A

Eggs

26
Q

What is this worm?

A

Opisthorchidae ~ 1-1.5cm

27
Q

What is this worm?

A

Heterophyidae ~ 1-2mm

28
Q

What is this worm?

A

Echinostomatidea

29
Q

Control of fish intestinal and liver flukes

A

Monitor and chemotherapy

-Mass praziquantel for humans

Education

  • Alter traditional eating practices
  • cook fish
  • Freeze @ 20o fro >24 hours
  • indoor defaecation
  • Don’t feed raw fish to cats and dogs
30
Q

Lifecycle of Paragonimus

A
31
Q

Features of paragonimiasis

A
  • Endemic in SE Asia, the Americas and Africa
  • 20 million peopl infected
  • Canids and felids reservoirs
  • Pulmonary form: Cough, haemoptysis (non-responive to tuberculosis treatment)
  • 30% extra-pulmonary migration
  • Treat with praziquantel

Parasitology (30 decks)

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