Diptera - cyclorrhapha - Oestridae, muscidae, hippoboscidae Flashcards
Bot flies
Oestridae
Flies
Muscidae
Louse flies
Hippoboscidae
Blowflies
Calliphoridae
Features of oestridae
large vestigial mouth parts - can’t feed lay eggs or viviparous (live young) Parasitic larvae 3 larval stages pupate on ground
Horse bots scientific name 3 species
Gasterophilus -intestinalis (common) -nasalis (throat) -haemorrhoidalis (nose - rare)
Features of Gasterophilus intestinalis
yellow egg anywhere on front of body hatch when licked
Features of Gasterophilus nasalis
pale eggs laid between mandibles hatch spontaneously
features of Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis
black eggs laid around lips hatch spontaneously
Gasterophilus intestinalis instars
1st - migrate through mouth and gums 2nd - attach in stomach 3rd - in stomach
Features of Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae
red, in stomach, 2 rows of spines
Features of Gasterophilus nasalis larvae
yellow, occur in duodenum, 1 row of spines
lifecycle in horse
9-12 months passed in faeces pupate in soil
Treatment of Gasterophilus
organophosphates (dichlorvos, trichlorphon) macrocyclic lactones (ivermectin, moxidectin)
Control of Gasterophilus
treat in winter when flies are absent washing/grooming of little value
What larvae is this?
Gasterphilus intestinalis
Nasal bot of sheep and goats
Oestrus ovis
Features of Oestrus ovis
viviparous (live young)
lay eggs on external nares
larvae crawls into nasal cavity
3rd instar sneezed out
active in summer
Oestrus ovis effects on sheep
annoy sheep when laying eggs
chronic nasal discharge
predisposes to pneumonia
Treatment of Oestrus ovis
organophosphates
macrocyclic lactones
trematocides (rafoxanide, closantel)
What is this fly?
Hypoderma bovis (warble fly of cattle)
Warble flies
Hypoderma bovis - Nprthern cattle grub
Hypoderma lineatum - common cattle grub
Not presant in Australia
Lifecycle of hypoderma
Warble fly of deer and its effects?
Hypoderma diana
snow deer
Other bots
housefly
musca domestica
bush fly
Musca vetustissima
Muscidae
subfamily Stomoxinae
Stomoxys calcitrans - stable fly
Haematobia exigua - buffalo fly
House fly significance
musca domestica
involved in mechanical transmission of pathogens
intermediate hosts of nematodes and cestodes
can cause nasal scald and fly dermatitis
The bush fly significance
musca vetustissima
overwinter in northen Australia
cause similar problem to M. domestica
The Stable fly
Stomoxys calcitrans - breed in decaying organic matter
stomoxys calcitrans effect on host
both sexes feed on blood
bite anything
The buffalo fly
Haematobia exigua
introduced from south africa
feed on cattle, buffalo, horses and dogs
Haematobia exigua lifecycle features
flies remain on host (die if away for 1-2 days)
leave host to lay eggs
breed in cow dung
emerging flies only have 1-2h to find host
need blood meal to breed
adults live 10-20 days
need >20 degees
lifecycle take 7-11 days
Spread of haematobia exigua
spread on cattle
blow up to 7km in wind
limited distribution due to temp and humidity
Haematobia exigua effects on host
painful bite
cattle rub to relieve irritation
2000-3000=heavy infection
loss of condition or delayed fattening
decreased milk production
Vector of Trypanosoma evansi and Stephanofilaria sp.
Control of haematobia exigua
fly traps (funnel trap)
ear tags impregnated with insecticides
insecticides (ivermectin) which persist in dung
dung beetles
*integrate control (reduce reliance on chemicals)
What is this?
Melophagus ovinus - the sheep ked
Hippoboscidae features
parasitic (blood feeders)
feet with strong claws
females viviparous
larvae pupate immediately
What is this?
Hippobosca equina
What is this?
Ornithomya avicularia
Features of melophagus ovinus
No wings!
Lives in wool
pupal case attatched to wool
pupae hatch in 19-36 days
live for 4-5 months
Melophagus ovinus effect on host
blood feeders
cause anaemia
stain wool
transmit Trypanosoma (protozoan)
