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Parasitology > Arachnida - Acarina > Flashcards

Arachnida - Acarina Flashcards

1
Q

Difference from ticks?

A

Mouth parts, hypostome lacks rows of teeth most are free living and non parasitic

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2
Q

Lifecycle

A

egg -> larva (6legs) -> nymphs (proto-, deuto-, triti-), -> adults

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3
Q

Types of parasite

A

can be intermittent or permanent

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4
Q

Where on host?

A

on skin, ears or respiratory system

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5
Q

Mite effect on hosts

A

blood loss, irritation, hair loss, vector of disease

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6
Q

Suborder mesostigmata

A

gamasid mites -> spiracles between coxae

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7
Q

suborder prostigmata

A

trombiculid mites -> spiracles on capitulum (or absent)

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8
Q

Suborder astigmata

A

mange mites-> no spiracles (respiration through body wall)

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9
Q

Which suborder?

A

mesostigmata

legs at anterior end

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10
Q

Which suborder?

A

Prostigmata

feather like setae

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11
Q

Which suborder?

A

Astigmata

front legs separated from back

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12
Q

The red might of poulty

A

Dermanyssus gallinae

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13
Q

Dermanyssus gallinae features

A

trangular anal plate

parasite of birds and mammals

nocturnal

blood feeders

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14
Q

Lifecycle of Dermanyssus gallinae

A

eggs- > larvae-> 2 nymphs -> adults

7 day lifecycle

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15
Q

Dermanyssus gallinae effect on host

A

anaemia

irritation

transmit Borrelia anserina (spirochaetosis)

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16
Q

What is this fowl mite?

A

Ornithonyssus spp

O. bursa or O. sylviarum

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17
Q

Features of Ornithonyssus spp

A

common on wild birds

found in birds nests

referred to as “starling lice”

feed on birds in nest

blood feeders (to complete lifecycle)

not host specific

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18
Q

Honey bee mite

A

Varroa destructor

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19
Q

Varroa destructor impact

A

causes varroosis

sucks hemolymph

Contributing factor to colony colapse disorder

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20
Q

Varroa destructor lifecycle

A

Enter bee hive on the back of a bee -> jump off and infect bee pupa -> sucks haemolymph and lays eggs -> the hatch and will attach onto other bees

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21
Q

Prostigmata genus

A

Trombicula

Demodex

Psorbia

Cheyletiella

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22
Q

Which stage of the Trombicula is parasitic?

A

larvae

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23
Q

What does Trombicula sarcina cause?

A

“black soil itch” in Qld

-extreme itching and inflammation

reddish larvae are in papules on the skin

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24
Q

What is this?

A

Demodex canis

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25
Q

Features of demodex canis

A

-veriform (worm like)

Localisation: hair follicles, feed on cytoplasm

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26
Q

Demodex canis lifecycle

A

egg, larva, 2 nymph stages, adult (all stages in hair follicle)

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27
Q

Transmissino of demodex canis

A

contact during suckling

28
Q

Adult or nymph?

A

adult - developed hypostome and legs

29
Q

Demodectic mange features

A

all dogs infected

  • only immunocompromised develop disease (CMI deficiency)
  • mostly puppies 6-10 month old
  • normally around eyes, ears and muzzle
  • secondary straph albus infection
  • hair follicle infection leads to hair loss & hyperkeratosis
30
Q

Demodectic mange disease can be

A
  • localised or generalised
  • squamous or pastular (secondary infection) - check for underlying disease
31
Q

How to diagnose demodex canis

A

deep skin scraping

32
Q

treatment of demodex canis

A

Localised - spontaneous resolution

  • rotenone-based insecticide ointment

Generalised - extended, aggressive therapy

  • benzoyl peroxide shampoo
  • Amitraz dip
  • high dose of ivermectin, oral milbemycin oxime, topical moxidectin, injectable doramectin
33
Q

Other demodex species (host specific)

A

Pig - D. phylloides (lesions on head)

Cattle - D.bovis (damage hide)

Cat - C. cati (alopecia, crusts, scaling on face, neck and eyelids)

34
Q

What is this?

A

Psorbia ovis

35
Q
A
36
Q

Psorbia ovis features

A

tiny

lives in superficial layers of dermis

37
Q

Transmission of Psorbia ovis

A

contact - shearing/suckling

38
Q

Seasonal occurance of psorbia ovis

A

most abundant in winter

39
Q

Psorbia ovis effect on host

A

hypersensitivity causes irritation -> rubbing -> pulled wool

-spreads slowly through mob (as opposed to bovicola ovis which speads quickly)

40
Q

Diagnosis of Psorbia ovis

A

skin scraping

41
Q

Treatment of Psorbia ovis

A

none

amitraz

Macrocytic lactone drench

OP’s

ivermectin; won’t eliminate mites

42
Q

what genus is this?

A

Cheyletiella (claw on palp)

43
Q

Cheyletiella effect on host

A

mild mange

often on head

“walking dandruff”

can be zoonotic

44
Q

Which family of astigmata?

A

Psoroptidae

45
Q

Which family of astigmata?

A

sarcoptidae (rear legs short)

burrow in upper layers of skin

46
Q

What is this?

A

sarcoptes scabiei

47
Q

Features of sarcoptes scabiei

A

triangular scales on dorsum

wide host range

very serious

takes a long time to get rid of

is highly contagious

animals don’t have to be immunocompromised

48
Q

sarcobtes scabiei lifecycle

A

in superficial layers of skin

lay eggs in tunnel

larva and 2 nymphal stages

10-17 days total

mites survive a few days off host

transmitted by contact

49
Q

Pathogenesis of sarcopes scabiei

A

Burrowing causes irritation

intense pruritus (itching)

hyperkeratosis

alopecia

lesions start on face and then extend over body

seconday infection, pustules -> self inflicted trauma

hypersensitivity

50
Q
A
51
Q

Canine specific sarcoptes mange

diagnosis

treatment

A
  • deep skin scraping
  • identify with response to treatment

selemectin, topical moxidectin/imidacloprid

52
Q

Control of sarcoptes scabiei

A

routine fipronil, topical moxidectin, selamectin

53
Q

What is this mite?

A

Notoedres cati - mostly on cats and rabbits

54
Q

sarcoptid mites of birds

A

Knemidocotes

55
Q

Knemidocoptes species

A

gallinae - in feathers, depluming mite of poultry

mutans - on legs of chickens (scaley leg)

pili - on beak and leg of psittacines

56
Q

Genera of Psoroptidae

A

Otodectes - ear mite of cat and dog

Psoroptes - mite of ruminant, horse (joint pedicels)

Chorioptes - mite of ruminants, horses (simple pedicels)

57
Q

Features of otodectes cynotis

A
  • common in ears of cat and dog (also in rabbit and fox)
  • causes scabs in external ear canal
  • hosts shake head
  • transmission by contact (normally during suckling)
58
Q

Diagnosis of otodectes

A

examine under microscope (swab and put on slide)

59
Q

Treatment of otodectes cynotis

A

topical moxidectin/imidacloprid and selamectin

60
Q

Sheep mite

A

Psoroptes ovis

61
Q

Features of psoroptes ovis

A

sheep scab mite (live under scabs)

feed on tissues, cause serous exudate

9-10 day lifecycle

Starts on shoulders and back and then spreads

can occur in ears, inguinal folds, interdigital spaces

most abundant in cool weather

  • can have amaciation and high mortality
  • eradicated from Aus
62
Q
A
63
Q

Ear mite

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

64
Q

Hosts of Psoroptes cuniculi

A

rabbit, horse, goat, alpaca?

65
Q

Psoroptes cuniculi causes..

A

ear mange

ittitaion, shacking of head, self mutilation

mite can eat ears off

66
Q

Treatment of psoroptes cuniculi

A

Avermectins (don’t remove crusts) or animal can die from shock (painful)

67
Q

Chorioptes bovis features

A

causes choriioptic mange

in cattle, sheep, goats and horses

-occurs on legs and belly

refered to as barn itch

cause scrotal mange in rams

Parasitology (30 decks)

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