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Arachnida - Acarina Flashcards

1
Q

Difference from ticks?

A

Mouth parts, hypostome lacks rows of teeth most are free living and non parasitic

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2
Q

Lifecycle

A

egg -> larva (6legs) -> nymphs (proto-, deuto-, triti-), -> adults

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3
Q

Types of parasite

A

can be intermittent or permanent

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4
Q

Where on host?

A

on skin, ears or respiratory system

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5
Q

Mite effect on hosts

A

blood loss, irritation, hair loss, vector of disease

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6
Q

Suborder mesostigmata

A

gamasid mites -> spiracles between coxae

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7
Q

suborder prostigmata

A

trombiculid mites -> spiracles on capitulum (or absent)

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8
Q

Suborder astigmata

A

mange mites-> no spiracles (respiration through body wall)

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9
Q

Which suborder?

A

mesostigmata

legs at anterior end

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10
Q

Which suborder?

A

Prostigmata

feather like setae

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11
Q

Which suborder?

A

Astigmata

front legs separated from back

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12
Q

The red might of poulty

A

Dermanyssus gallinae

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13
Q

Dermanyssus gallinae features

A

trangular anal plate

parasite of birds and mammals

nocturnal

blood feeders

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14
Q

Lifecycle of Dermanyssus gallinae

A

eggs- > larvae-> 2 nymphs -> adults

7 day lifecycle

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15
Q

Dermanyssus gallinae effect on host

A

anaemia

irritation

transmit Borrelia anserina (spirochaetosis)

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16
Q

What is this fowl mite?

A

Ornithonyssus spp

O. bursa or O. sylviarum

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17
Q

Features of Ornithonyssus spp

A

common on wild birds

found in birds nests

referred to as “starling lice”

feed on birds in nest

blood feeders (to complete lifecycle)

not host specific

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18
Q

Honey bee mite

A

Varroa destructor

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19
Q

Varroa destructor impact

A

causes varroosis

sucks hemolymph

Contributing factor to colony colapse disorder

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20
Q

Varroa destructor lifecycle

A

Enter bee hive on the back of a bee -> jump off and infect bee pupa -> sucks haemolymph and lays eggs -> the hatch and will attach onto other bees

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21
Q

Prostigmata genus

A

Trombicula

Demodex

Psorbia

Cheyletiella

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22
Q

Which stage of the Trombicula is parasitic?

A

larvae

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23
Q

What does Trombicula sarcina cause?

A

“black soil itch” in Qld

-extreme itching and inflammation

reddish larvae are in papules on the skin

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24
Q

What is this?

A

Demodex canis

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25
Features of demodex canis
-veriform (worm like) Localisation: hair follicles, feed on cytoplasm
26
Demodex canis lifecycle
egg, larva, 2 nymph stages, adult (all stages in hair follicle)
27
Transmissino of demodex canis
contact during suckling
28
Adult or nymph?
adult - developed hypostome and legs
29
Demodectic mange features
all dogs infected - only immunocompromised develop disease (CMI deficiency) - mostly puppies 6-10 month old - normally around eyes, ears and muzzle - secondary straph albus infection - hair follicle infection leads to hair loss & hyperkeratosis
30
Demodectic mange disease can be
- localised or generalised - squamous or pastular (secondary infection) - check for underlying disease
31
How to diagnose demodex canis
deep skin scraping
32
treatment of demodex canis
Localised - spontaneous resolution - rotenone-based insecticide ointment Generalised - extended, aggressive therapy - benzoyl peroxide shampoo - Amitraz dip - high dose of ivermectin, oral milbemycin oxime, topical moxidectin, injectable doramectin
33
Other demodex species (host specific)
Pig - D. phylloides (lesions on head) Cattle - D.bovis (damage hide) Cat - C. cati (alopecia, crusts, scaling on face, neck and eyelids)
34
What is this?
Psorbia ovis
35
36
Psorbia ovis features
tiny lives in superficial layers of dermis
37
Transmission of Psorbia ovis
contact - shearing/suckling
38
Seasonal occurance of psorbia ovis
most abundant in winter
39
Psorbia ovis effect on host
hypersensitivity causes irritation -\> rubbing -\> pulled wool -spreads slowly through mob (as opposed to bovicola ovis which speads quickly)
40
Diagnosis of Psorbia ovis
skin scraping
41
Treatment of Psorbia ovis
none amitraz Macrocytic lactone drench OP's ivermectin; won't eliminate mites
42
what genus is this?
Cheyletiella (claw on palp)
43
Cheyletiella effect on host
mild mange often on head "walking dandruff" can be zoonotic
44
Which family of astigmata?
Psoroptidae
45
Which family of astigmata?
sarcoptidae (rear legs short) burrow in upper layers of skin
46
What is this?
sarcoptes scabiei
47
Features of sarcoptes scabiei
triangular scales on dorsum wide host range very serious takes a long time to get rid of is highly contagious animals don't have to be immunocompromised
48
sarcobtes scabiei lifecycle
in superficial layers of skin lay eggs in tunnel larva and 2 nymphal stages 10-17 days total mites survive a few days off host transmitted by contact
49
Pathogenesis of sarcopes scabiei
Burrowing causes irritation intense pruritus (itching) hyperkeratosis alopecia lesions start on face and then extend over body seconday infection, pustules -\> self inflicted trauma hypersensitivity
50
51
Canine specific sarcoptes mange diagnosis treatment
- deep skin scraping - identify with response to treatment selemectin, topical moxidectin/imidacloprid
52
Control of sarcoptes scabiei
routine fipronil, topical moxidectin, selamectin
53
What is this mite?
Notoedres cati - mostly on cats and rabbits
54
sarcoptid mites of birds
Knemidocotes
55
Knemidocoptes species
gallinae - in feathers, depluming mite of poultry mutans - on legs of chickens (scaley leg) pili - on beak and leg of psittacines
56
Genera of Psoroptidae
Otodectes - ear mite of cat and dog Psoroptes - mite of ruminant, horse (joint pedicels) Chorioptes - mite of ruminants, horses (simple pedicels)
57
Features of otodectes cynotis
- common in ears of cat and dog (also in rabbit and fox) - causes scabs in external ear canal - hosts shake head - transmission by contact (normally during suckling)
58
Diagnosis of otodectes
examine under microscope (swab and put on slide)
59
Treatment of otodectes cynotis
topical moxidectin/imidacloprid and selamectin
60
Sheep mite
Psoroptes ovis
61
Features of psoroptes ovis
sheep scab mite (live under scabs) feed on tissues, cause serous exudate 9-10 day lifecycle Starts on shoulders and back and then spreads can occur in ears, inguinal folds, interdigital spaces most abundant in cool weather - can have amaciation and high mortality - eradicated from Aus
62
63
Ear mite
Psoroptes cuniculi
64
Hosts of Psoroptes cuniculi
rabbit, horse, goat, alpaca?
65
Psoroptes cuniculi causes..
ear mange ittitaion, shacking of head, self mutilation mite can eat ears off
66
Treatment of psoroptes cuniculi
Avermectins (don't remove crusts) or animal can die from shock (painful)
67
Chorioptes bovis features
causes choriioptic mange in cattle, sheep, goats and horses -occurs on legs and belly refered to as barn itch cause scrotal mange in rams

Parasitology (30 decks)

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