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Parasitology > Non-taeniid cestodes > Flashcards

Non-taeniid cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

Non taeniid Pseudophyllidea

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Spirometra erinacei

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2
Q

Lifecycle stages of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Egg -> Coracidium -> Procercoid (in copepod) -> Plerocercoid (in freshwater fish) -> adult (human, dogs, cats, bears [fish eaters])

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3
Q

Other Diphyllobothrium features

  • PPP
  • Length
A

Not in Australia

AKA broad fish tapeworm

PPP = 5-6 weeks

Length = 5-15 meters

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4
Q

Pathological effects of Diphyllobothrium latum

A
  • nausea, abdominal discomfort, diarrhoea
  • vit B12 deficiency -> anaemia
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5
Q

Treatment of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

Niclosamide

Praziquantel

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6
Q

Lifecycle stages of Spirometra erinacei

A

Egg -> Coracidium -> Procercoid (copepod; Cyclops spp) -> Plerocercoid (tadpole, frog) -> Adult (cat, fox, dogs)

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7
Q

Paratenic hosts of Spirometra erinacei

Effects on paratenic host

A

F - fish

A- amphibians

R - reptiles

M - mammals (zoonotic)

Infected by procercoid and plerocercoid stages

Causes sparganosis -> pain, inflammation +/- blindness

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8
Q

Sparganosis features

A

Plerocercoids cause disease in humans, dogs and others.

Contracted by:

  • ingesting copepod IH with procercoids -> migrate through intestinal wall and develop into plerocercoids which multiply in muscle fascia.
  • Ingesting poorly cooked or smoked meat containing plerocercoid stages
  • when frog flesh is used to treat eye disease in China
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9
Q

Treatment of Spirometra erinacei

A

Sugery (esp if in eye)

Praziquantel 5x

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10
Q

Appearance of Spirometra erinacei

A
  • zipper worm as repro tract down midline
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11
Q

Non-taeniid Cyclophyllidea

A
  • Dipylidium Caninum
  • Anoplocephala perfoliata
  • Moniezia expansa, M. benedeni
  • Hymenolepis
  • Choanotaenia, Amoebotaenia, Raillietina, Davainea
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12
Q

Lifecycle stages of Dipylidium caninum

A

Egg (thick-shelled; tiny) -> Oncosphere -> Cysterceroid (fleas, lice) -> adult (cat, dog, human)

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

Effects of Dipylidium caninum

A

non pathogenic

irritation

zoonotic

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15
Q

Control of Dipylidium caninum

A

Control the fleas

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16
Q

Treatment of Dipylidium caninum

A

Praziquantel

17
Q

Proglottids of Dipylidium caninum

A

Cucumber shaped

Have to reproductive sets

18
Q

What species does this egg come from?

A

Dipylidium caninum

19
Q

What species does this egg come from?

A

Anoplocephala

20
Q

Anoplocephala perfoliata lifecycle stages

A

Egg (thick-shelled: rugged) -> oncosphere-> cysticercoid (oribatid mite) -> Adult (horse)

21
Q

Prevalence of Anoplocephala perfoliata

Where are they found in the horse?

A

30-40% in Vic but increasing as Ivermectin and oth MLs not effective against cestodes.

Found in the ileocaecal junction and caecum

22
Q

Effects of Anoplocephala perfoliata

A
  • severe lesions at ileocaecal junction (ulceration, diphtheresis and thickening of mucosa, submucosa and lamina propria)
  • can lead to colic and or ileocaecal intussusception
  • worms physically block the iliocaecal junction
23
Q

Features of Anoplocephala perfoliata

  • length
  • Number of suckers on scolex
  • segment dimensions
A
  • 1-3cm long
  • no rostellum
  • 4 suckers on scolex
  • lappet under suckers (diagnostic)
  • segments are wider than they are long
24
Q

Treatment of Anoplocephala perfoliata

A

praziquantel, pyrantel

25
Q

Transmission of Anoplocephala perfoliata

A

Orbatid mite ingested on grass. Most common in the summer months. Control in early spring to stop the eggs getting onto the pasture

26
Q

Non Taeniid cestode of ruminants

A

Moniezia spp

27
Q

Moniezzia lifecycle stages

A

Egg -> oncosphere -> cysticercoid (orbatic mite) -> adult (sheep and cattle)

28
Q

Proglottids of Moniezia

A
  • segments wider than they are long
  • have secretory glands running between segments
29
Q

Sheep Moniezia features

A

Moniezia expansa (also in cattle)

  • 3-6m long
  • interproglottal glands spread out
30
Q

Cattle Moniezia

A

Moniezia benedeni (also sheep)

  • 3m long
  • interproglottidal glands in a short row close to the mid line
31
Q

PPP of Moniezia

A

6 weeks

32
Q

Hymenolepis worms

DH and IH

A

Hymenolepis carioca (poultry)

Hymenolepis nana

Hymenolepis diminuta

  • commonly infect humans and rodent
  • IH are arthropods
33
Q

General features of Hymenolepis

A
  • unilateral genital pore
  • rostellum with single row of hooks
  • 1-4 testes
34
Q

Non taeniid cestodes of birds

What is the IH?

Which have pathogenic adults*

A

Choanotaenia (arthropods)

Amoebotaenia (earthworms)

Raillietina* (arthropods)

Davainea* (slugs)

35
Q

Raillietina pathogenesis

A

cause enteritis

Raillietina echinobothrida produces nodules.

36
Q

Davainea pathogenesis

A
  • very pathogenic causing marked enteritis.
  • in duodenum of fowls and pigeons
  • common in Aus
37
Q

Scolex in larval Pseudophyllidea

A

same as adults

38
Q

Scolex in Non taeniid cyclophyllidea larva

A

inside out scolex

Parasitology (30 decks)

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