Protozoa - Ciliate and Amoeba Flashcards
Ciliate
Balantidium
Lifecycle of Balantidium
Replicate in intestine
produce a cyst and transmitted again
Balantidium coli hosts
pathogenic?
prevalence
Disease
Pigs, primates and humans
commensal or pathogen?
50-100% prevalence in piggeries
Asymptomatic or diarrhoea
Zoonosis: immunocompromised humans
Treatment of B. coli
Nitroimidazoles
Entamoeca histolytica lifecycle
Faecal-oral
Cysts infective
Colonic pathogen
Pathogenesis of Entamoeba histolytica
50-100,000 deaths per year
Mild: diarrhoea, colitis, cramps
Moderate: dysentry
Severe: extra-intestinal
invades liver and forms necrotis abcess in other tissues -> rupture to form fistulas
Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica
Faecal smear /float- Cysts in faeces
Antigen detection ELISA
PCR
invasive forms
-Antibody ELISA
Ancillary tests (ultra sound)
Treatment of Entamoeba histolytic
Nitroimidazoles +/- paromomycin
Control of Entamoeba histolytic
Basic sanitation and hygiene
- indoor defaecation
- ban use of night soil
- wash fruit and veg
- water treatment
- Drain abcesses
Lifecycle of Amoecic meningoencephalitis
Very rare
- normally lives in environment
- can enter through the nose burrow through mucosa and establish in the brain
Sources of Amoebic meningeoencephalitis infections
Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia
Diving / swimming in ponds, lakes
Clinical signs of Amoebic meningeoencephalitis
Neurological / multisystemic
- nasal / ocular discharge
- neurological signs
- necrosis and haemorrhage
- almost always fatal
Treatment of Amoebic meningeoencephalitis
- Miltefosine
