Diptera - nematocera Flashcards
larvae and pupae are…
aquatic
Type of parasite?
Intermittent - female requires blood meal
Biting midges “sand flies” in Aus
Ceratopogonidae
Black flies
Similiidae
Sand Flies
Psychodidae
Mosquitoes
Culicidae
Effect on host
Irritation from bites Blood loss Vectors
Nematocera are vectors for…
Viruses e.g. bluetoungue Bacteria Protozoa e.g. malaria, leishmaniasis Nematodes e.g. dirofilaria
Ceratopogonidae
Indentification of culicoides
Spotted Wings
Main groups of culicoides
Define crepuscular
like twighlight
Features of Culicoides marksi
Native species
Abundant in wet season in Northern Aus
crepuscular
feed on leg and body of cattle
Features of Culicoides brevitarsis and culicoides wadai
Introduced
crepuscular
breed in cattle dung*
bite on dorsal midline
Signifacance of Culicoides brevitarsis and culicoides wadai
Cuase Quuensland itch in horses - hypersensitivity to bites
Transmit bluetoungue
Transmit onchocerca gibsoni & O. gutturosa
Impact on economy as people don’t want to eat infected meat.
How to prevent Queensland itch from culicoides brevitarsis?
Stable horses
Use repellants
Which culicoides has a wide distribution but is an innefficient vector?
Culicoides brevitarsis
Which culicoides has a limited distribution but is an effecive vector?
Culicoides wadai
Features of simuliidae
Humped back
black flies
Aquatic lifecycle, along rivers
larvae are carnivorous
eggs survive in sand 2 years and develop after food
Simuliidae
Pest of Australia?
Pest of Africa?
Significance
Austrosimulium pestilens
Simulium damnosum
Transmit: onchocera gutturosa in cattle
O. volvulus in human (blindness)
Indentification of Psychodidae
hairy wings
In Australia Psychodidae feed on?
Sergentomyia - Reptiles and amphibians.
Significance of Psychodidae?
Vector of leishmaniasis
Features of Culicidae
aquatic larvae
males non parasitic
females need blood meal
diurnal, nocturnal and crepuscular
Significance of culicidae?
VECTOR
Virus e.g. yellow fever, dengue
Protozoa e.g. Plasmodium (malaria)
Nematodes e.g. Dirofilaria immitis
Control of culicidae?
Remove breeding site (standing water)
repellant
