Spirochetes II (Leptospira) Flashcards
1
Q
What is Leptospira interrogans?
A
- Bacteria with worldwide distribution
- most common in temperate or tropical regions
- Cause of Leptospirosis
- Cattle, swine, sheep, goats, dogs, horses, many wild animals
- People
- 6 pathogenic serovars of veterinary significance
2
Q
How many serovars of Leptospira interrogans are there?
A
- ~200
- 6 of significance:
- L. pomona - cattle, sheep, horses, swine humans
- L. hardjo- cattle, swine
- L. bratislava - swine
- L. canicola - dogs, swine, cattle
- L. grippotyphosa - dogs cattle, swine
- L. icterhaemorrhagiae - dogs, horses, cattle, swine, humans
3
Q
How is Leptospira interrogans transmitted?
A
-
Urine contamination
- cattle and swine
- Skin cut, wound
- Mucus membranes
- Urogenital tract
- Contaminated water / feed
- fomite
4
Q
What is the pathogenesis of Leptospira?
A
- No lesion at the infection site
- Lesions are present in:
- Kidney
- Liver
- Brain
- Eyes
- Kidney and Liver function impaired
- Abortion and Death
5
Q
What are the virulence factors of Leptospira?
A
- Haemolysin
- Endotoxin
6
Q
How does Leptospirosis affect cattle?
A
- Range from Mild to Acute
- Fever, Jaundice, Muscle Weakness, weight loss
- Sudden drop in milk production
- Milk Drop Syndrome
- Kidney damage
- Abortion / infertility
- Death
7
Q
How does Leptospirosis affect sheep / goats / swine?
A
- Range rom mild to acute
- Fever, jaundice, muscle weakness, weight loss
- Milk Drop Syndrome
- Kidney damage
- Abortion / Infertility
- Death
8
Q
How does Leptospirosis affect horses?
A
- Subclinical
- Uveitis
- Periodic ophthalmia
- Moon blindness
- Abortion is not common
9
Q
How does leptospirosis affect dogs?
A
- Vomiting, muscular stiffness and weakness
- Jaundice and Death
- Central nervous system
- Nephritis and fibrosis of kidney
10
Q
How does Leptospirosis affect Humans?
A
- Cause of Weil’s Disease
- Uveitis
- Jaundice
11
Q
How is Leptospirosis Diagnosed?
A
- Clinical signs - Abortion
- Milk Drop Syndrome
- Yellowish Flaky or Bloody Milk, Hemoglobinuria
-
Antibody detection
- Paired Serum Analysis - ELISA, Agglutination test
- Dark Field Microscopy, PCR
12
Q
How can Leptospirosis be controlled?
A
- Vaccination
- No Cross Protection
- Bivalent bacterin in dogs, multivalent in cattle, swine
- Routine Vaccination prevents the disease, does not prevent reinfection nor shedding
13
Q
How is Leptospirosis Treated?
A
- Tetracyclines, Erythromycin, Penicillin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol
- Doxycycline
- Penicillin with Fluoroquinolone
- IV Fluids
14
Q
What is Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis?
A
- Footwarts of Dairy Cattle
- World wide distribution
- California, Iowa, Michigan and other states
- World wide distribution
- Lameness
- Decreased Milk Production
- Weight loss
- Decreased Fertility
- Hair Like Projections
15
Q
What causes Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis?
A
- Treponema species
- Nearly all infected animals have spirochetes
- Responds to Antibiotics
- Oxytetracycline
