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Bacteriology and Mycology > Actinobacillus > Flashcards

Actinobacillus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the habitat of Actinobacillus spp?

A
  • Commensals in
    • digestive
    • Respiratory
    • Genital tracts
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2
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Actinobacillus spp?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Transplacental transmission
  • Mucous membrane trauma
  • Stress is very important
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3
Q

What is the distribution of Actinobacillus spp?

A

Word wide

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4
Q

What is the symbiotic relationship of Actinobacillus spp?

A
  • A. pleuropnemoniae - virus, and bacteria relationship
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5
Q

What is the morphology of Actinobacillus lignieresii?

A
  • small
  • smooth
  • glistening
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6
Q

What is the morphology of Actinobacillus equuli?

A
  • raised
  • Grayish
  • Sticky
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7
Q

What is the morphology of Actinobacillus suis?

A
  • Smooth
  • glistening
  • extensive hemolysis
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8
Q

What is the characteristics of Actinobacillus spp?

A
  • Gram negative
  • coccobacilli to pleomorphic rods
  • Occasional filaments
  • Facultative
    • 6-8% CO2 facilitate growth
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9
Q

What are the antigenic characteristics of Actinobacillus?

A
  • Endotoxin (LPS)
  • A. lingnieresii - 6 somatic types
  • A. equuli - 28 somatic types
  • A. suis - 2 somatic types
  • A. pleuropneumoniae - 1 - 15 serotypes
    • 1, 5, 7 used to be common in US
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10
Q

What is the susceptibility of Actinobacillus spp?

A
  • Susceptible to environmental influences
  • Antibiotics effective except abscesses
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11
Q

Do Actinobacillus spp grow on MacConkey agar?

A
  • Variable
  • Some species may
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12
Q

What are the mechanisms of pathogenicity of Actinobacillus?

A
  • Capsule - A pleuropneumoniae & suis (antiphagocytic)
  • Siderophores
  • Iron-regulated OMP’s
  • RTX toxin - A. suis
  • Biofilms
  • Endotoxin
  • Adhesins
  • Urease
  • Hemolysin/Cytotoxins
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13
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus lignieresii cause?

A
  • Cattle
    • Wooden Tongue - affects soft tissues
    • Mediastinal lymph node abscesses
    • Lung and liver lesions
  • Sheep - lesions in lung, head, testes
  • Dogs - tongue abscesses
  • Pigs - Mammary gland abscesses
  • Ducks - saplingitis
  • Humans - bronchopneumonia (rare)
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14
Q

What diseases does A. equuli cause?

A
  • Horses mostly (and swine)
  • Purulent nephritis
  • Purulent arthritis
  • Sleepy Foal Disease
    • Viscosum infection
      • acute septicemia
      • Endocarditis
      • meningitis
  • Metritis and abortion
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15
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus suis cause?

A
  • Swine mostly
  • Septicemic conditions
  • Pneumonia
  • arthritis
  • septic emboli
  • mimics A. pleuropneumoniae in certain cases
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16
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cause?

A
  • Common in 3-6 mo old pigs
  • Acute, sub-acute, or chronic
  • Serofibrinous pleuritis
  • Fibrinous pneumonia
  • septicemia
  • arthritis
  • meningitis
17
Q

What disease does A. actinomycetemcomitans cause?

A
  • Humans
  • rarely recovered rom nimals
  • Endocarditis and infections of the jaw bones
  • Periodontal diseases in human
18
Q

What disease does Actinobacillus seminis cause?

A
  • most likely not an actinobacillus
  • Sheep
  • Epididymitis
  • poly-arthritis
  • gangrenous mastitis
19
Q

What disease does A. capsulatus cause?

A
  • Rabbits
  • Arthritis
20
Q

What is the nature of Actinobacillus infections?

A
  • suppurative
  • necrotic
21
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality of Actinobacillus infections?

A
  • Depends on type
  • Septicemia - high morbidity and mortality
  • Abscesses - high morbidity, low mortality
22
Q

Are any Actinobacillus species of public health concern

A
  • A. lignieresii human bronchopneumonia
  • Horse and sheep bites
23
Q

What are the control Measures for Actinobacillus spp?

A
  • Vaccine for A. pleuropneumoniae
    • RTX toxin mutant vaccine
    • not very successful
  • Eliminate stress
24
Q

What is the treatment for Actinobacillus infections?

A
  • Treat systemically with appropriate antibiotics
  • Treat abscesses with iodides
    • May need surgical drainage with cauterization of the pyogenic membrane
25
Q

What disease does A. actinomycetemcomitans cause?

A
  • Humans
  • rarely recovered rom nimals
  • Endocarditis and infections of the jaw bones
  • Periodontal diseases in human

Bacteriology and Mycology (35 decks)

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