Pasteurella/Mannheimia/Riemerella Flashcards
What is the habitat of Pasteurella?
- Mucous membranes
-
P. multocida
- Cattle, Pigs, Rabbits, Cats and Dogs
- Normal animals - commensals
What is the habitat of Mannheimia?
- Mucous membranes
-
M. haemolytica
- Cattle and Sheep
How is Pasteruella Transmitted?
- Direct contact
- Inhalation
- Animal bites
- Cat bite abscesses
What is the Transmission of Mannheimia?
- Direct contact
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Animal bites
- Cat bite abscesses
What is the distrribtion of Pastreurella?
- World wide
- Some P. multocida has limited geographical distribution
What is the distribution of Mannheimia?
- world wide
What is the morphology of Pasteurella multocida?
- Small, gray/white circular, mucoid, smooth or rough colonies
- canine strains are usually rough
- Gram negative Coccobacilli - often bipolar staining
- Facultative
- Can grow oxidatively
- Can grow anaerobically
- Obtain enerbgy by fermentative pathways with organic compound
What are the antigentic characteristics of Pasteurella multocida?
- Capsular antigens - A, B, D, E, F
- Carter’s system - based on capsular polysaccharide composition
- Indirect Hemagglutintion test for humoral antibody responses
- Somatic serotypes 1 - 16
- LPS based
- Gel diffusion test
What is the resistance and susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida?
- Susceptible to common disifectants and many antimicrobial agents
- Resistan strains are very common
What is special about Pasteurella multocida?
- Gram negative but NO growth on MacConkey agar
What is pathogenicity?
capacity of an organism to produce disease
What is virulence?
Measure of the degree of pathogenicity
What are the Pathogenic Factors of Pasteurella multocida?
- Endotoxin
- Neuraminidase - invasion
- Hyaluronidase (Serotype B) - invasion
- Capsule - antiphagocytic
- Adhesins (pili)
- Siderophores
- Iron-regulated OMPs
- Stress - significant
- Exotoxin - Type D serotypes
What is the function of neuraminidase in P. multocida?
- Splits N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) from glycoproteins and glycolipids.
- presentin a wide variety of body tissues and fluids.
- “reduces viscosity of mucus”
What does the Type D P. multocida exotoxin do?
- Dermonecrotic
- Ssociated with the necrosis fo the tirbinate bones in swine with atrophic rhiniits
- Highly lethal to mice and chickens
- MW 125000 - 160,000 daltons
What diseases does Pasteurella multocida cause in poultry?
- Fowl Cholera
- Acute septicemic condition - kills birrds rapidly
- Chronic in recovered birds
- Serotypes:
- A: 1, 3, 4, 7
What disease does Pasteurella multocida cause in Rabbits?
- Snuffles
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
- leads to Septicemia, otitis, conjunctivitis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica frequently isolated in conjunction
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
- Serotypes
- A:12 (80-90% of cases)
- A:3 (10-20% of cases)
- Atrophic rhinitis
What Diseases does Pasteurella multocida cause in swine?
-
Pneumonia
- Primary or secondary infection to other bacterial or viral diseases
- Secondary to enzootic pneumonia Mycoplasma spp
- Serotype A:3
-
Atrophic Rhinitis
- Associated with Bordatella bronchiseptica
- Serotype D:3
What Diseases does Pasteurella multocida cause in cattle?
-
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
- Septicemic form of pasteurellosis
- Serotypes B:2 or E:2
-
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (Shipping Fever and pneumonia)
- Involves various other infectious agents including viruses (IBR and PI3), Mannhaimia heamolytica, H. somni, Mycoplasma bovis, and stress
- Serotype
- Meningoencephalitis
- Mastitis
- Abortion
- Serotype A:3 predominant
What disease does Pasteurella multocida cause in Dog/Cats?
- Common inhabitant of the oral cavity
- Coomonly found in infected animals bites
- Cat bite abscesses
What diseases does Pasteurella multocida cause in Humans?
- Wide variety of Syndromes
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Empyema
- sinusitis
- pleurisy
- arthritis
- otitis
- meningitis
- peritonitis
- UTI
What is the nature of Pasteurella multocida infections?
- Suppurative and fibrinous inflammatory process
How are Pasteurella mutocida infections prevented?
- Prevent Stress - especially in cattle
- Treat early
- Bacterins immunization
- killed products
- Vaccines - live
- In drinking water - fowl cholera
What disease is caused by Pasteurella gallinarum (Avibacterium gallinarum)?
- Fowl cholera-like disease
What disease is caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica?
- Pneumonitis in rodents
What disease does Pasteurella caballi cause?
- Respiratry diseases in horses
What disease does Pasteurella aerogenes cause?
- Gastroenteritis
- Abortion
- Diarrhea
- pneumonia
What is the Morpholgy of Mannheimia haemolytica?
- Gram negative rod-shapped coccobacillus
- Non-motile
- Non-spore forming
- Hemolytic
- Colonies on MacConkey agar very tiny and brick red
What disease does Bibersteinia trehalosi cause?
- Respiratory disease in ruminants
- similar to shipping fever
What are the antigenic Characterisitcs of Mannheimia hamolytica?
- 16 capsular serotypes - Indirect haemagglutination test to detect
- Serotype 1 - Shipping fever
- Serotype 2 - Nasal track of cattle
What is Seroconversion?
What are the pathogenic Mechanisms of Mannheimia haemolytica?
- Endotoxin
- Neuroaminidae
- Leukotoxin-cytotoxin-RTX toxin
- Capsule
- Siderophores
- Adhesins (pili)
- Iron-regulated OMPs
- Stress is very important
What diseases does Mannheimi haemolytica cause?
- Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (Shipping Fever)
- Pneumonia
- Goats, sheep, swine
- Septicemia
- Feeder / Nursing lambs
- Respiratory Disease
- Feeder lambs
How are Manheimia haemolytica infections controlled?
- Prevent Stress
- Treatment - Antmicrobials
- Immunize
- Bacterins
- Vaccines - live
- Sub-unit vaccines
- Toxoids
What is Riemerella anatipestifer?
- 21 Serotypes
- Mortality 5 - 75%
- Carrier birds are problems
- Antimicrobials in drinking water
- Vaccines - Live and killed
- Causes:
- “New duck disease”
- Acute kidney disease of ducks and turkeys
- Serofibrinous exudate
- Air Sacculitis
- Fibrinous pericarditis
- Perihepatitis
- Saphingitis
- Meningitis
- Septicemia
- “New duck disease”
