Brachyspira Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of Brachyspira?

A
  • Spiral shaped
  • Anaerobic, O2 tolerant
  • Several species
    • 3 are important pathogens
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2
Q

What are the Pathogenic Species of Brachyspira?

A
  • B. hyodysenteriae
  • B. hampsonii
  • B. pilosicoli
  • Strong Hemolysis
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3
Q

What are the nonpathogenic species of Brachyspira?

A
  • B. innocens
  • B. intermedia
  • B. murdochii
  • Weakly hemolytic
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4
Q

How are B.hyodysenteriae infections diagnosed?

A
  • Based on clinical signs, lesions, and isolation of spiral shaped organisms with strong hemolytic activity
  • Confirmation by PCR or Fluorescent antibody technique
  • Dark-field or phase contrast microscopy of colonic mucosal scapings
  • Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with species-specific monoclonal antibody
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5
Q

Where can B. hyodysenteriae be found?

A
  • Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic species reside in the intestinal tract of swine
    • Also wild rats and mice
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6
Q

What is the mode of infection of B. hyodysenteriae?

A

Ingestion

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7
Q

What are the virulence factors of B. hyodysenteriae?

A
  • Hemolysin
  • LPS
  • Flagella
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8
Q

What are the antigenic characteristics of B. hyodysenteriae?

A
  • Nine serovars based on LPS antigen
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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of B. hyodysenteriae?

A
  1. enters colon
  2. invades goblet cells, multiplies in the crypts of Lieberkuhn
  3. Stimulates mucus production
  • Muchohemorrhagic colitis”
  • Primarily affects grower/finisher pigs
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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of B. hyodysenteriae infection?

A
  • Fever (104-105F)
  • Watery diarrhea with mucus
    • +/- blood
  • Abdominal pain
  • Dehydration
  • Chronic cases:
    • Persistent diarrhea with dark feces
  • “Black scours”
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11
Q

What lesions are seen with B. hyodysenteriae infections?

A
  • Confined to large intestine
  • Mucosa covered by mucofibrinous exudate with blood
  • Swollen mesenteric lymph nodes
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12
Q

How are B. hyodysenteriae infections treated?

A
  • Antibiotics in the feed/water
    • Lincomycin, Tylosin, Tiamuli*, Carbadox*, Virginiamycin
  • AMR is common, AST is beneficial
  • Recovered animals may become carriers
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13
Q

What are the control measures for B. hyodysenteriae?

A
  • Antimicrobial feed additives
  • Depopulation and sanitation of the facility
  • Restock with noninfected pigs
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14
Q

What disease does B. hyodysenteriae and B. Hampsonii cause?

A

Swine Dysentery

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15
Q

Is there a Vaccine for B. hyodysenteriae?

A
  • Autogenous vaccine
  • Not very effective
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16
Q

What is B. pilosicoli?

A
  • Relatively new species
  • Morphological differences
  • Disease is called Porcine Colonic Spirochetosis
  • Affects:
    • Humans, primates, dogs, guinea pigs, etc.
17
Q

What are the clinical signs of B. pilosicoli?

A
  • Diarrhea (grower/finishing pigs)
    • Not very mucoid
    • May be dark red/tarry appearance
18
Q

How is B. pilosicoli diagnosed?

A
  • Fluorescent antibody technique targeting specific OMP or PCR assay based on 16s rRNA genes
19
Q

What is the treatment for B. pilosicoli?

A
  • Tiamulin
  • Carbadox