Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

Question 1

Layers of tissue that protect the spinal cord

Answer 1

Meninges

Question 2

Outer layer of meninges

Answer 2

Dura mater

Question 3

Middle layer of meninges

Answer 3

Arachnoid mater

Question 4

Inner layer of meninges

Answer 4

Pia mater

Question 5

Space between dura mater and walls of vertebral canal; contains blood vessels and fat; anesthetic injection site

Answer 5

Epidural space

Question 6

Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater filled with CSF and contains blood vessels

Answer 6

Subarachnoid space

Question 7

Viral or bacterial infection of meninges

Answer 7

Meningitis

Question 8

Carry sensory information towards the brain

Answer 8

Ascending tract

Question 9

Carry outgoing motor information from the brain

Answer 9

Descending tract

Question 10

What 2 things does white matter contain?

Answer 10

Ascending and descending tracts

Question 11

Contains axons of sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 11

Dorsal root

Question 12

Contains axons of motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 12

Ventral root

Question 13

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Answer 13

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 14

On each side of spine where dorsal and ventral roots join

Answer 14

Spinal nerve

Question 15

Area of skin that provides sensory input via dorsal roots of one pair of spinal nerves

Answer 15

Dermatomes

Question 16

Caused by a virus that attacks dorsal roots; produces painful rash and blisters on skin whose distribution corresponds to that of the effected sensory nerves

Answer 16

Shingles

Question 17

Rapid automatic response to a specific stimulus

Answer 17

Reflex

Question 18

Wiring of a single reflex

Answer 18

Reflex arc

Question 19

What is the 1st step of a neural reflex?

Answer 19

Stimulus activates receptor

Question 20

What is the 2nd step of a neural reflex?

Answer 20

Sensory neuron stimulated

Question 21

What is the 3rd step of a neural reflex?

Answer 21

Information processing in CNS

Question 22

What is the 4th step of a neural reflex?

Answer 22

Activation of motor neuron

Question 23

What is the 5th step of a neural reflex?

Answer 23

Response of peripheral effector

Question 24

What are the 4 classifications of a reflex?

Answer 24

By development, response, complexity of circuit, processing site

Question 25

Control skeletal muscle contractions

Answer 25

Somatic reflex

Question 26

Controls actions of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

Answer 26

Autonomic reflex

Question 27

1 synapse

Answer 27

Monosynaptic

Question 28

More than 1 synapse

Answer 28

Polysynaptic

Question 29

Processing site in spinal cord

Answer 29

Spinal reflex

Question 30

Processing site in brain

Answer 30

Cranial reflex

Question 31

Reflex that have the least delay between sensory input and motor output

Answer 31

Monosynaptic reflex

Question 32

What is an example of a monosynaptic reflex?

Answer 32

Stretch reflex

Question 33

Receptors in muscles that detect change in muscle fiber length

Answer 33

Muscle spindles

Question 34

What is the 1st step in the stretch reflex?

Answer 34

Muscle spindle is stretched

Question 35

What is the 2nd step in the stretch reflex?

Answer 35

Stimulus travels via afferent neurons to spinal cord

Question 36

What is the 3rd step in the stretch reflex?

Answer 36

Synapse with efferent motor neuron which tells muscle to contract

Question 37

Reflex where interneurons control more that 1 muscle group; Responses could involve stimulation of some muscles and inhibition of others

Answer 37

Polysynaptic reflex

Question 38

What is an example of a polysynaptic reflex?

Answer 38

Withdrawal reflex

Question 39

What are stretch reflexes controlled by?

Answer 39

Specific segment of the spinal cord

Question 40

What does testing different reflex provide us?

Answer 40

Information about the status of corresponding spinal segments

Question 41

What can reflexes be used to determine?

Answer 41

Damage to descending motor tract

Question 42

Toes flare out when stimulated on the bottom of the foot

Answer 42

Babinski reflex

Question 43

If an adult flares out their toes while doing the Babinski reflex, what can that tell us?

Answer 43

There might be damage to the descending motor tract