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BI 121 > Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes > Flashcards

Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of tissue that protect the spinal cord

A

Meninges

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2
Q

Outer layer of meninges

A

Dura mater

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3
Q

Middle layer of meninges

A

Arachnoid mater

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4
Q

Inner layer of meninges

A

Pia mater

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5
Q

Space between dura mater and walls of vertebral canal; contains blood vessels and fat; anesthetic injection site

A

Epidural space

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6
Q

Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater filled with CSF and contains blood vessels

A

Subarachnoid space

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7
Q

Viral or bacterial infection of meninges

A

Meningitis

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8
Q

Carry sensory information towards the brain

A

Ascending tract

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9
Q

Carry outgoing motor information from the brain

A

Descending tract

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10
Q

What 2 things does white matter contain?

A

Ascending and descending tracts

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11
Q

Contains axons of sensory (afferent) neurons

A

Dorsal root

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12
Q

Contains axons of motor (efferent) neurons

A

Ventral root

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13
Q

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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14
Q

On each side of spine where dorsal and ventral roots join

A

Spinal nerve

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15
Q

Area of skin that provides sensory input via dorsal roots of one pair of spinal nerves

A

Dermatomes

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16
Q

Caused by a virus that attacks dorsal roots; produces painful rash and blisters on skin whose distribution corresponds to that of the effected sensory nerves

A

Shingles

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17
Q

Rapid automatic response to a specific stimulus

A

Reflex

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18
Q

Wiring of a single reflex

A

Reflex arc

19
Q

What is the 1st step of a neural reflex?

A

Stimulus activates receptor

20
Q

What is the 2nd step of a neural reflex?

A

Sensory neuron stimulated

21
Q

What is the 3rd step of a neural reflex?

A

Information processing in CNS

22
Q

What is the 4th step of a neural reflex?

A

Activation of motor neuron

23
Q

What is the 5th step of a neural reflex?

A

Response of peripheral effector

24
Q

What are the 4 classifications of a reflex?

A

By development, response, complexity of circuit, processing site

25
Q

Control skeletal muscle contractions

A

Somatic reflex

26
Q

Controls actions of smooth and cardiac muscles and glands

A

Autonomic reflex

27
Q

1 synapse

A

Monosynaptic

28
Q

More than 1 synapse

A

Polysynaptic

29
Q

Processing site in spinal cord

A

Spinal reflex

30
Q

Processing site in brain

A

Cranial reflex

31
Q

Reflex that have the least delay between sensory input and motor output

A

Monosynaptic reflex

32
Q

What is an example of a monosynaptic reflex?

A

Stretch reflex

33
Q

Receptors in muscles that detect change in muscle fiber length

A

Muscle spindles

34
Q

What is the 1st step in the stretch reflex?

A

Muscle spindle is stretched

35
Q

What is the 2nd step in the stretch reflex?

A

Stimulus travels via afferent neurons to spinal cord

36
Q

What is the 3rd step in the stretch reflex?

A

Synapse with efferent motor neuron which tells muscle to contract

37
Q

Reflex where interneurons control more that 1 muscle group; Responses could involve stimulation of some muscles and inhibition of others

A

Polysynaptic reflex

38
Q

What is an example of a polysynaptic reflex?

A

Withdrawal reflex

39
Q

What are stretch reflexes controlled by?

A

Specific segment of the spinal cord

40
Q

What does testing different reflex provide us?

A

Information about the status of corresponding spinal segments

41
Q

What can reflexes be used to determine?

A

Damage to descending motor tract

42
Q

Toes flare out when stimulated on the bottom of the foot

A

Babinski reflex

43
Q

If an adult flares out their toes while doing the Babinski reflex, what can that tell us?

A

There might be damage to the descending motor tract

BI 121 (28 decks)

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