Cumulative Exam Part 3

Question 1

What are the 6 functions of bones?

Answer 1

Support framework, store and release minerals, storage of energy, hematopoiesis, external protective covering, assistance in movement

Question 2

What makes up the dense matrix?

Answer 2

1/4 water, 1/4 collagen fibers, 1/2 hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 3

Part of the matrix that bends slightly, will not tear when pulled, provides skeleton with flexibility

Answer 3

Collagen fibers

Question 4

Part of the matrix that resists applied pressure without breaking, provides hardness of skeleton

Answer 4

Hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 5

Shaft of bone

Answer 5

Diaphysis

Question 6

Central space in bone

Answer 6

Medullary cavity

Question 7

Ends of bones

Answer 7

Epiphysis

Question 8

Separates diaphysis from epiphysis, grows in length and made of hyaline cartilage

Answer 8

Epiphyseal plate

Question 9

Small area between diaphysis and epiphysis

Answer 9

Metaphysis

Question 10

Cover ends of epiphyses; made of hyaline cartilage

Answer 10

Articular cartilage

Question 11

Fibrous outer layer; osteogenic inner layer; does not cover articular cartilage

Answer 11

Periosteum

Question 12

Contains yellow bone marrow

Answer 12

Medullary cavity

Question 13

Bone marrow in developing bones of fetus and newborn, around spongy bone in adults

Answer 13

Red bone marrow

Question 14

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Answer 14

Hematopoiesis

Question 15

Bone marrow in medullary cavities in adults

Answer 15

Yellow bone marrow

Question 16

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

Answer 16

Lipid storage

Question 17

Stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts

Answer 17

Osteogenic cells

Question 18

Where are osteogenic cells located?

Answer 18

Inner layer of endosteum and periosteum

Question 19

Immature bone cells that secrete bone matrix

Answer 19

Osteoblasts

Question 20

Mature cells that maintain matrix and repair damaged bone

Answer 20

Osteocytes

Question 21

Breaks down bone matrix

Answer 21

Osteoclasts

Question 22

What is compact bone made up of?

Answer 22

Osteons

Question 23

What does the central canal contain?

Answer 23

lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, nerves

Question 24

Circular layers of bone matrix

Answer 24

Concentric lamellae

Question 25

Osteocytes are housed in

Answer 25

Lacunae

Question 26

Canals that interconnect lacunae of an osteon. Nutrients and oxygen pass through

Answer 26

Canaliculi

Question 27

Fills in space between osteons in compact bone; older osteons partially removed by bone remodeling

Answer 27

Interstitial lamellae

Question 28

Where is spongy bone found?

Answer 28

Inside of long bones and flat bones

Question 29

Lamellae form an open network of struts that have no blood vessels

Answer 29

Trabeculae

Question 30

What are open spaces between trabeculae filled with?

Answer 30

Blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, red bone marrow

Question 31

How are substances transported to/from osteocytes in spongy bone if there is no canal with blood?

Answer 31

Through canaliculi that open onto surface of trabeculae

Question 32

What is the function of compact bone?

Answer 32

Stress in 1 direction

Question 33

What is the function of spongy bone?

Answer 33

Multidirectional stress

Question 34

Stimulates osteoclasts; decrease calcium loos by kidneys, enhances effect of calcitriol; increases blood calcium levels

Answer 34

PTH

Question 35

Activates osteoblasts; promotes calcium loss by kidneys, acts to decrease calcitriol levels; decrease blood calcium levels

Answer 35

Calcitonin

Question 36

2 bones meet or join

Answer 36

Joint

Question 37

What determines the direction and distance of movement (ROM)

Answer 37

Joint structure

Question 38

What are the 4 structural classifications of joints?

Answer 38

Bony fusion, fibrous joint, synovial joint, cartilaginous joint

Question 39

Bones fuse together

Answer 39

Bony fusion

Question 40

Bones are interlocked by dense connective tissue

Answer 40

Fibrous joint

Question 41

Bones are interlocked by cartilage

Answer 41

Cartilaginous joint

Question 42

Bones connected by a connective tissue capsule that surrounds a lubricated cavity

Answer 42

Synovial joint

Question 43

What are the 3 functional classifications of a joint?

Answer 43

Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

Question 44

No movement

Answer 44

Synarthrosis

Question 45

Little movement

Answer 45

Amphiarthrosis

Question 46

Freely movable

Answer 46

Diarthrosis