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BI 121 > Cumulative Exam Part 3 > Flashcards

Cumulative Exam Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of bones?

A

Support framework, store and release minerals, storage of energy, hematopoiesis, external protective covering, assistance in movement

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2
Q

What makes up the dense matrix?

A

1/4 water, 1/4 collagen fibers, 1/2 hydroxyapatite crystals

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3
Q

Part of the matrix that bends slightly, will not tear when pulled, provides skeleton with flexibility

A

Collagen fibers

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4
Q

Part of the matrix that resists applied pressure without breaking, provides hardness of skeleton

A

Hydroxyapatite crystals

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5
Q

Shaft of bone

A

Diaphysis

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6
Q

Central space in bone

A

Medullary cavity

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7
Q

Ends of bones

A

Epiphysis

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8
Q

Separates diaphysis from epiphysis, grows in length and made of hyaline cartilage

A

Epiphyseal plate

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9
Q

Small area between diaphysis and epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

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10
Q

Cover ends of epiphyses; made of hyaline cartilage

A

Articular cartilage

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11
Q

Fibrous outer layer; osteogenic inner layer; does not cover articular cartilage

A

Periosteum

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12
Q

Contains yellow bone marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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13
Q

Bone marrow in developing bones of fetus and newborn, around spongy bone in adults

A

Red bone marrow

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14
Q

What is the function of red bone marrow?

A

Hematopoiesis

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15
Q

Bone marrow in medullary cavities in adults

A

Yellow bone marrow

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16
Q

What is the function of yellow bone marrow?

A

Lipid storage

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17
Q

Stem cells that divide to produce osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic cells

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18
Q

Where are osteogenic cells located?

A

Inner layer of endosteum and periosteum

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19
Q

Immature bone cells that secrete bone matrix

A

Osteoblasts

20
Q

Mature cells that maintain matrix and repair damaged bone

A

Osteocytes

21
Q

Breaks down bone matrix

A

Osteoclasts

22
Q

What is compact bone made up of?

A

Osteons

23
Q

What does the central canal contain?

A

lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, nerves

24
Q

Circular layers of bone matrix

A

Concentric lamellae

25
Q

Osteocytes are housed in

A

Lacunae

26
Q

Canals that interconnect lacunae of an osteon. Nutrients and oxygen pass through

A

Canaliculi

27
Q

Fills in space between osteons in compact bone; older osteons partially removed by bone remodeling

A

Interstitial lamellae

28
Q

Where is spongy bone found?

A

Inside of long bones and flat bones

29
Q

Lamellae form an open network of struts that have no blood vessels

A

Trabeculae

30
Q

What are open spaces between trabeculae filled with?

A

Blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, red bone marrow

31
Q

How are substances transported to/from osteocytes in spongy bone if there is no canal with blood?

A

Through canaliculi that open onto surface of trabeculae

32
Q

What is the function of compact bone?

A

Stress in 1 direction

33
Q

What is the function of spongy bone?

A

Multidirectional stress

34
Q

Stimulates osteoclasts; decrease calcium loos by kidneys, enhances effect of calcitriol; increases blood calcium levels

A

PTH

35
Q

Activates osteoblasts; promotes calcium loss by kidneys, acts to decrease calcitriol levels; decrease blood calcium levels

A

Calcitonin

36
Q

2 bones meet or join

A

Joint

37
Q

What determines the direction and distance of movement (ROM)

A

Joint structure

38
Q

What are the 4 structural classifications of joints?

A

Bony fusion, fibrous joint, synovial joint, cartilaginous joint

39
Q

Bones fuse together

A

Bony fusion

40
Q

Bones are interlocked by dense connective tissue

A

Fibrous joint

41
Q

Bones are interlocked by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joint

42
Q

Bones connected by a connective tissue capsule that surrounds a lubricated cavity

A

Synovial joint

43
Q

What are the 3 functional classifications of a joint?

A

Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

44
Q

No movement

A

Synarthrosis

45
Q

Little movement

A

Amphiarthrosis

46
Q

Freely movable

A

Diarthrosis

BI 121 (28 decks)

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