Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BI 121 > Cumulative Exam Part 2 > Flashcards

Cumulative Exam Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 classes of cells?

A

Somatic, sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What organic molecules are included in the cell membrane?

A

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Proteins within the membrane

A

Integral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Proteins bound to the inner or outer surface of the membrane

A

Peripheral protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the functions of membrane proteins?

A

Recognition, carrier, receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Finger-shaped extensions of cell membrane to increase surface area for absorption

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Small hair-like extensions that move fluids across the cell surface

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Synthesizes proteins, encloses products in transport vesicles which carry proteins to Golgi body

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Produce ATP for the cell

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens during glycolysis?

A

Glucose is converted into 2 pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where does aerobic respiration (Cellular respiration) occur?

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens during aerobic respiration?

A

CO2 is removed from pyruvate, oxygen is used and water comes out as a product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contains instructions to make every protein in the body

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Loosely coiled DNA (cells not dividing)

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tightly coiled DNA (Cells dividing)

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Somatic cells have __ chromosomes

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Enzymes copy directions from DNA to mRNA

A

Transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ribosomes read codon on mRNA and tRNA anticodon delivers an amino acid to mRNA codon in ribosome; mRNA codon is translated into 1 amino acid

A

Translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Plasma membrane allows some materials to move freely

A

Selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diffusion of water across the cell membrane

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diffusion that requires energy

A

Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Solution that does not cause osmotic flow of water in or out of a cell

A

Isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Less solutes and loses water through osmosis

A

Hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

A

Water moves into the cell; lyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Has more solutes and gains water by osmosis

A

Hypertonic

27
Q

What happens to cell in a hypertonic solution?

A

Water moves out of the cell; crenate

28
Q

Materials move in or out of cell in vesicles

A

Vesicular transport

29
Q

What are the 2 major types of vesicular transport?

A

Endocytosis, exocytosis

30
Q

What are the 2 types of endocytosis?

A

Phagocytosis, pinocytosis

31
Q

Cell eating

A

Phagocytosis

32
Q

Cell drinking

A

Pinocytosis

33
Q

Pair of identical chromosomes after a chromosome duplicates itself

A

Chromatids

34
Q

Nuclear envelope bounds the nucleus, nucleolus is still present, chromatin is replicated

A

Interphase

35
Q

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, centrioles replicate and move to opposite sides of the cell, nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappears

A

Prophase

36
Q

Chromatids line up at the equator of the cell due to the microtubules int he centrioles pushing and pulling them

A

Metaphase

37
Q

Chromatids are pulled apart

A

Anaphase

38
Q

Daughter nuclei begin to form, chromosomes unwind into chromatin, cytokinesis occurs

A

Telophase

39
Q

What are the 6 functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protect underlying tissues and organs

excretes salts, water, organic wastes

maintains body temperature

stores lipids

synthesize vitamin D3

Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

40
Q

What are the 2 parts of the integument?

A

Cutaneous and accessory structures

41
Q

Includes the epidermis and dermis

A

Cutaneous

42
Q

Includes the hair, nails, and exocrine glands

A

Accessory structures

43
Q

Glands that secretes onto surfaces and ducts

A

Exocrine glands

44
Q

Outermost protective shield, 4-5 layers of stratified squamous cells, avascular

A

Epidermis

45
Q

What type of tissue make up the epidermis?

A

Epithelium

46
Q

What type of tissue make up the dermis?

A

Connective

47
Q

Tough leathery layer, vascular

A

Dermis

48
Q

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

A

Stabilize and support integument

49
Q

What type of tissues make up the hypodermic?

A

Areolar and adipose

50
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

51
Q

Mitotic stem cells; 25% of these cells are melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

52
Q

Infrequent mitosis

A

Stratum spinosum

53
Q

Transition layer where keratinization begins

A

Stratum granulosum

54
Q

Present only in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

55
Q

15- 30 cells thick, continuously shed, keratinized

A

Stratum corneum

56
Q

What are the 2 influences on skin color?

A

Pigment, degree of dermal blood circulation

57
Q

Yellow-black pigment that are stored in transport vesicles and transferred to keratinocytes

A

Melanin

58
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Stratum basale

59
Q

What does melanin protect us from?

A

UV radiation

60
Q

Liver and kidneys convert vitamin D3 into _____

A

Calcitriol

61
Q

Aids in absorption of calcium

A

Calcitriol

62
Q

What are the effects of aging on integument?

A

Epidermal and dermal thinning, decrease in melanocyte activity, increase risk of infection and sun damage, slower skin repair, decreased vitamin D3 synthesis, diminished blood supply, decreased glandular activity

63
Q

Does chronic mechanical stress increase or decrease the number of cell layers in the skin?

A

Increase

64
Q

Replacement of integument with acellular, inflexible, tissue which lacks glands and hair follicles

A

Scar tissue

BI 121 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions