Lab 4 (End of Lab Exam 1) Flashcards
Where and what function does FSH do?
Pituitary; Regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of gonads
Where and what function does ACTH do?
Pituitary; Regulate endocrine activity of adrenal cortex
Where and what function does TSH do?
pituitary; Influences metabolism by controlling the growth and activity of the thyroid gland
Where and what function does growth hormone do?
pituitary; Muscle and bone growth
Where and what function does prolactin do?
pituitary; Stimulate breast development and milk production
Where and what function does oxytocin do?
pituitary; Stimulate contractions of uterus and milk ejection
Where and what function does ADH do?
Pituitary; reduce urinary output
Where and what function does thyroid hormone do?
Thyroid gland; control rate of metabolism
Where and what function does calcitonin do?
Thyroid gland; Decrease blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium depositing in bone
Where and what function does PTH do?
Parathyroid hormone; causes release of calcium from bone which increase blood calcium levels
Where and what function does epinephrine and norepinephrine do?
Adrenal gland; act with sympathetic nervous system to produce the fight/flight response to stress
Where and what function does insulin do?
Pancreas; decrease blood sugar levels
Where and what function does glucagon do?
Pancreas; increase blood sugar levels
Where and what function does thymosins do?
Thymus gland; affect production and differentiation of T-lymphocytes
Where and what function does testosterone do?
Testes; stimulation formation of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics
Where and what function does progesterone and estrogen do?
Ovaries; stimulation formation of female reproductive organs
Where and what function does melatonin do?
Pineal gland; activate reticular formation in medulla oblongata which regulate circadian rhythm
Set of cells that perform a function
Tissue
Where does a tissue fit in the hierarchy of organization?
Cells and organs
What are the 4 basic types of animal tissue?
Connective, epithelium, muscle, nervous
Where and what is the function of epithelium?
Found throughout the body, lines cavities and body surfaces, protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, sensation
Attached surface
Basal lamina (basement membrane)
Exposed to a space
Apical surface
Squamous cells that secrete keratin
Keratinocytes
Where are keratinocytes found?
Epidermis
What do simple squamous epithelium line?
Alveoli, blood, lymph vessels
What do stratified squamous epithelium line?
Oral cavity, vagina, anal canal
What do simple cuboidal epithelium line?
Kidney tubules, ovaries, ducts of some glands
What do simple columnar epithelium line?
Stomach and intestines
What do ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium line?
Respiratory passages
What do transitional epithelium line?
Urinary bladder
Material between cells
Matrix
Proteins created by fibroblasts that provide support
Fibers
Consistency ranges fluid to solid; made of glycoproteins and large polysaccharide molecules
Ground substance
What are the functions of connective tissue?
Bind structures together, fill in spaces, support, protection, store fat, transport fluid and dissolved materials
What are the 2 cell types of connective tissue?
Fixed and wandering
Produce fibers; fixed
Fibroblasts
Release heparin and histamine; fixed
Mast cells
Phagocytic; wandering
Macrophages
What are the 3 fiber types in connective tissue?
Collagen, elastic, reticular
Long parallel bundles, flexible with tensile strength
Collagen fibers
Thin collagen
Reticular fibers
Branching network, stretch and resume normal shape and strength
Elastic fibers
Where are collagen fibers found in?
Tendon and ligaments
Where are reticular fibers found in?
Lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Where are elastic fibers found in?
Vocal cords and air passages
Rigid matrix, chondrocytes in lacunae, poor blood supply
Cartilage
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Flexible cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Where is elastic cartilage found in?
External ear, larynx
Most abundant cartilage
Hyaline cartilage
Where is hyaline cartilage found in?
Ends of long bones, nose, respiratory passages, embryonic skeleton
Very tough and shock absorbing cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Where is fibrocartilage found in?
Intervertebral disc, pads of knee and pelvic girdle
Collagenous and elastic fibers, good blood supply, delicate thin membranes
Areolar (loose) connective tissue
Where is areolar/loose connective tissue found in?
Bind skin to underlying organ, fill spaces between muscles, beneath epithelial layers
Numerous collagenous fibers, cells are mainly fibroblasts, can be regular or irregular
Dense connective tissue
Where are dense connective tissues found in?
Tendons and ligaments, dermis of skin
Stores fat, insulates and cushions
Adipose connective tissue
Where is adipose connective tissue found in?
Beneath skin
Supports internal organ walls
Reticular connective tissue
Where is reticular connective tissue found in?
Spleen, liver, lymphatic organs
