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BI 121 > Cumulative Exam Part 1 > Flashcards

Cumulative Exam Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific study of life

A

Biology

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2
Q

Study of structures of the body

A

Anatomy

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3
Q

Study of functions of the body

A

Physiology

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4
Q

Specific ____ are performed by specific _____

A

Functions, structures

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5
Q

What is the hierarchy of organization from smallest to largest?

A

Chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

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6
Q

What are the 4 principle types of tissue?

A

Epithelium, connective, nervous, muscle

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7
Q

All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

A

Homeostasis

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8
Q

Movement of a variable in one direction causes the body to enact processes that cause the variable to move in the opposite direction

A

Negative feedback

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9
Q

Body increases the change of the stimulus, moves away from homeostasis, alters the variable even more in the same direction

A

Positive feedback

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10
Q

What terminates positive feedback?

A

External factors

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11
Q

What is an example of positive feedback?

A

Blood clotting, contractions during birth

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12
Q

Why is negative feedback more common?

A

Every time a variable starts changing too much we have to bring it back to normal levels

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13
Q

Slippery and delicate membrane that allows fro movement of organs

A

Serous membrane

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14
Q

What is the serous membrane consisted of?

A

Visceral and parietal

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15
Q

Layer that lines the cavity

A

Parietal

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16
Q

Layer that lines the organ

A

Visceral

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17
Q

What does the dorsal body cavity consist of?

A

Cranial and vertebral cavity

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18
Q

What makes up the ventral body cavity?

A

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

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19
Q

Serous membrane that lies on top of lung tissue

A

Visceral pleura

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20
Q

Serous membrane that lines the body wall; outside layer

A

Parietal pleura

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21
Q

Serous membrane that lies on top of the heart

A

Visceral pericardium

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22
Q

Outermost layer in the pericardial cavity

A

Parietal pericardium

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23
Q

Lies against the body wall in abdominal cavity

A

Parietal peritoneum

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24
Q

Lies on top of abdominal organs

A

Visceral peritoneum

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25
Q

Smallest stable until of matter

A

Atoms

26
Q

What are the 3 major types of subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

27
Q

Atom with a positive charge

A

Cation

28
Q

Atom with a negative charge

A

Anion

29
Q

Attraction between opposite charges draws the two ions together

A

Ionic bond

30
Q

Involve the sharing of pairs of valence electrons between atoms

A

Covalent Bond

31
Q

Bonds between adjacent molecules; forms as a result of slightly positive and slightly negative portions of adjacent molecules being attracted to one another

A

Hydrogen bond

32
Q

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules

A

Surface tension

33
Q

Breaks molecules into small components

A

Decomposition

34
Q

Decomposition using water

A

Hydrolysis

35
Q

Collective decomposition reactions of the body; releases kinetic energy

A

Catabolism

36
Q

Combining of atoms or smaller molecules into large molecules

A

Synthesis

37
Q

Removal of water to form a larger molecules

A

Dehydration synthesis

38
Q

Collective synthesis of new molecules in the body; requires energy

A

Anabolism

39
Q

Reactants are shuffled to produce new products

A

Exchange reactions

40
Q

Interacts with water

A

Hydrophilic

41
Q

Does not interact with water

A

Hydrophobic

42
Q

Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

pH

43
Q

what type of concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide does an acidic solution have?

A

High H low OH

44
Q

What type of concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide does a basic solution have?

A

Low H high OH

45
Q

Solute that adds hydrogen ions to a solution; proton donor

A

Acid

46
Q

Solute that removes hydrogen from a solution; proton acceptor

A

Base

47
Q

Compounds that stabilize pH by removing and replacing hydrogen ions

A

Buffer

48
Q

What are the 4 main organic molecules?

A

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

49
Q

What do carbohydrates contain?

A

C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio

50
Q

Provides twice as much energy as carbohydrates, mainly hydrophobic

A

Lipids

51
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

52
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino acids

53
Q

Amino acids linked through dehydration synthesis

A

Peptide bonds

54
Q

3 or more amino acids linked together

A

Polypeptides

55
Q

What determines a protein’s function

A

Shape

56
Q

What determines a protein’s shape?

A

Sequence of amino acids

57
Q

Protein shape and function deteriorate due to extreme conditions (pH, temperature)

A

Denaturation

58
Q

Enzymes are regulatory ____

A

Proteins

59
Q

Reactants in enzymatic reactions

A

Substrate

60
Q

Specific region of an enzyme

A

Active site

61
Q

Active sites only bind substrates with a certain shape and size

A

Specificity

BI 121 (28 decks)

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