Cumulative Exam Part 1

Question 1

Scientific study of life

Answer 1

Biology

Question 2

Study of structures of the body

Answer 2

Anatomy

Question 3

Study of functions of the body

Answer 3

Physiology

Question 4

Specific ____ are performed by specific _____

Answer 4

Functions, structures

Question 5

What is the hierarchy of organization from smallest to largest?

Answer 5

Chemical/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 6

What are the 4 principle types of tissue?

Answer 6

Epithelium, connective, nervous, muscle

Question 7

All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

Answer 7

Homeostasis

Question 8

Movement of a variable in one direction causes the body to enact processes that cause the variable to move in the opposite direction

Answer 8

Negative feedback

Question 9

Body increases the change of the stimulus, moves away from homeostasis, alters the variable even more in the same direction

Answer 9

Positive feedback

Question 10

What terminates positive feedback?

Answer 10

External factors

Question 11

What is an example of positive feedback?

Answer 11

Blood clotting, contractions during birth

Question 12

Why is negative feedback more common?

Answer 12

Every time a variable starts changing too much we have to bring it back to normal levels

Question 13

Slippery and delicate membrane that allows fro movement of organs

Answer 13

Serous membrane

Question 14

What is the serous membrane consisted of?

Answer 14

Visceral and parietal

Question 15

Layer that lines the cavity

Answer 15

Parietal

Question 16

Layer that lines the organ

Answer 16

Visceral

Question 17

What does the dorsal body cavity consist of?

Answer 17

Cranial and vertebral cavity

Question 18

What makes up the ventral body cavity?

Answer 18

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

Question 19

Serous membrane that lies on top of lung tissue

Answer 19

Visceral pleura

Question 20

Serous membrane that lines the body wall; outside layer

Answer 20

Parietal pleura

Question 21

Serous membrane that lies on top of the heart

Answer 21

Visceral pericardium

Question 22

Outermost layer in the pericardial cavity

Answer 22

Parietal pericardium

Question 23

Lies against the body wall in abdominal cavity

Answer 23

Parietal peritoneum

Question 24

Lies on top of abdominal organs

Answer 24

Visceral peritoneum

Question 25

Smallest stable until of matter

Answer 25

Atoms

Question 26

What are the 3 major types of subatomic particles?

Answer 26

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 27

Atom with a positive charge

Answer 27

Cation

Question 28

Atom with a negative charge

Answer 28

Anion

Question 29

Attraction between opposite charges draws the two ions together

Answer 29

Ionic bond

Question 30

Involve the sharing of pairs of valence electrons between atoms

Answer 30

Covalent Bond

Question 31

Bonds between adjacent molecules; forms as a result of slightly positive and slightly negative portions of adjacent molecules being attracted to one another

Answer 31

Hydrogen bond

Question 32

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules

Answer 32

Surface tension

Question 33

Breaks molecules into small components

Answer 33

Decomposition

Question 34

Decomposition using water

Answer 34

Hydrolysis

Question 35

Collective decomposition reactions of the body; releases kinetic energy

Answer 35

Catabolism

Question 36

Combining of atoms or smaller molecules into large molecules

Answer 36

Synthesis

Question 37

Removal of water to form a larger molecules

Answer 37

Dehydration synthesis

Question 38

Collective synthesis of new molecules in the body; requires energy

Answer 38

Anabolism

Question 39

Reactants are shuffled to produce new products

Answer 39

Exchange reactions

Question 40

Interacts with water

Answer 40

Hydrophilic

Question 41

Does not interact with water

Answer 41

Hydrophobic

Question 42

Concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Answer 42

pH

Question 43

what type of concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide does an acidic solution have?

Answer 43

High H low OH

Question 44

What type of concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide does a basic solution have?

Answer 44

Low H high OH

Question 45

Solute that adds hydrogen ions to a solution; proton donor

Answer 45

Acid

Question 46

Solute that removes hydrogen from a solution; proton acceptor

Answer 46

Base

Question 47

Compounds that stabilize pH by removing and replacing hydrogen ions

Answer 47

Buffer

Question 48

What are the 4 main organic molecules?

Answer 48

Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 49

What do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 49

C,H,O in a 1:2:1 ratio

Question 50

Provides twice as much energy as carbohydrates, mainly hydrophobic

Answer 50

Lipids

Question 51

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 51

Amino acids

Question 52

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 52

Amino acids

Question 53

Amino acids linked through dehydration synthesis

Answer 53

Peptide bonds

Question 54

3 or more amino acids linked together

Answer 54

Polypeptides

Question 55

What determines a protein's function

Answer 55

Shape

Question 56

What determines a protein's shape?

Answer 56

Sequence of amino acids

Question 57

Protein shape and function deteriorate due to extreme conditions (pH, temperature)

Answer 57

Denaturation

Question 58

Enzymes are regulatory ____

Answer 58

Proteins

Question 59

Reactants in enzymatic reactions

Answer 59

Substrate

Question 60

Specific region of an enzyme

Answer 60

Active site

Question 61

Active sites only bind substrates with a certain shape and size

Answer 61

Specificity