Integumentary System

Question 1

What percentage does the integumentary system make up in our body weight?

Answer 1

16%

Question 2

What are the 6 functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 2

Protect underlying tissues and organs

excretes salts, water, organic wastes

maintains body temperature

stores lipids

synthesize vitamin D3

Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

Question 3

What are the 2 parts of the integument?

Answer 3

Cutaneous and accessory structures

Question 4

Includes the epidermis and dermis

Answer 4

Cutaneous

Question 5

Includes the hair, nails, and exocrine glands

Answer 5

Accessory structures

Question 6

Glands that secretes onto surfaces and ducts

Answer 6

Exocrine gland

Question 7

What are the 2 regions of the cutaneous membrane?

Answer 7

Epidermis and dermis

Question 8

Outermost protective shield, 4-5 layers of stratified squamous cells, avascular

Answer 8

Epidermis

Question 9

What part of the cutaneous membrane is the origin of accessory structures?

Answer 9

Epidermis

Question 10

What type of tissue make up the epidermis?

Answer 10

Epithelium

Question 11

What type of tissue make up the dermis?

Answer 11

Connective

Question 12

Tough leathery layer, vascular

Answer 12

Dermis

Question 13

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

Answer 13

Stabilize and support integument

Question 14

What type of tissues make up the hypodermic?

Answer 14

Areolar and adipose

Question 15

What does loose connective tissues function for the hypodermic?

Answer 15

Insulation, shock absorption, energy storage

Question 16

How many layers does thin skin have and where is it located?

Answer 16

4; most of body

Question 17

How many layers does the thick skin have and where is it located?

Answer 17

5; palms, fingertips, soles of feet

Question 18

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

Answer 18

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 19

Mitotic stem cells; 25% of these cells are melanocytes

Answer 19

Stratum basale

Question 20

Infrequent mitosis

Answer 20

Stratum spinosum

Question 21

Transition layer where keratinization begins

Answer 21

Stratum granulosum

Question 22

Present only in thick skin

Answer 22

Stratum lucidum

Question 23

15- 30 cells thick, continuously shed, keratinized

Answer 23

Stratum corneum

Question 24

Formation of a superficial layer of dead, tough, protective cells with keratin

Answer 24

Keratinization

Question 25

How long does it take for cells to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

Answer 25

2 weeks

Question 26

What are the 2 influences on skin color?

Answer 26

Pigment, degree of dermal blood circulation

Question 27

Yellow-black pigment that are stored in transport vesicles and transferred to keratinocytes

Answer 27

Melanin

Question 28

What is melanin produced by?

Answer 28

Melanocytes

Question 29

No melanin production

Answer 29

Albinism

Question 30

Melanocytes in certain areas lose their ability to produce melanin

Answer 30

Vitiligo

Question 31

UV radiation is used in _____ synthesis

Answer 31

Vitamin D3

Question 32

What does melanin protect us from?

Answer 32

UV radiation

Question 33

Least malignant type of skin cancer that rarely spreads

Answer 33

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 34

Rare type of skin cancer that is the leading causes of death of skin cancer

Answer 34

Melanoma

Question 35

Liver and kidneys convert vitamin D3 into _____

Answer 35

Calcitriol

Question 36

Aids in absorption of calcium

Answer 36

Calcitriol

Question 37

What can an insufficient amount of vitamin D3 cause?

Answer 37

Rickets

Question 38

What are the 2 major layers of the dermis?

Answer 38

Papillary and reticular

Question 39

Layer of dermis that is made of loose connective tissue and contains capillaries and feeds the epidermis

Answer 39

Papillary

Question 40

Layer of dermis that is made of deep irregular connective tissue, elastic and collagen fibers

Answer 40

Reticular layer

Question 41

Dead keratinized and epithelial cells

Answer 41

Hair

Question 42

Surrounds and produces hair

Answer 42

Hair follicle

Question 43

What is the function of hair?

Answer 43

Protection, reduction of heat loss, sense of light touch

Question 44

Secretes sebum and is an exocrine gland

Answer 44

Sebaceous gland

Question 45

Prevents dehydration of hair and skin; inhibits bacterial and fungal growth

Answer 45

Sebum

Question 46

Inflammation of the sebaceous gland

Answer 46

Acne

Question 47

Sweat gland that helps with thermoregulation, waste removal, active throughout live and is found all over skin

Answer 47

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

Question 48

Sweat gland that is associated with sexual excitement, active during puberty, limited distribution

Answer 48

Apocrine sweat glands

Question 49

Dead epidermal cells packed with keratin

Answer 49

Nails

Question 50

What are the effects of aging on integument?

Answer 50

Epidermal and dermal thinning, decrease in melanocyte activity, increase risk of infection and sun damage, slower skin repair, decreased vitamin D3 synthesis, diminished blood supply, decreased glandular activity

Question 51

Hormone that increases epidermal thickness, accelerate wound healing, increase number of cells protecting against cancer cells sand pathogen

Answer 51

Sex hormone

Question 52

Hormone that stimulates collagen synthesis, stimulates basal cell division

Answer 52

Growth hormone

Question 53

Hormone that stimulates basal cell division, accelerates production of keratin

Answer 53

Epidermal growth factor

Question 54

Why does the skin increase in number of cell layers during skin injury/healing?

Answer 54

Mechanical stress

Question 55

Why does the skin have really good regenerative ability?

Answer 55

Stem cells in epidermis and dermis

Question 56

During skin injury what are the risks?

Answer 56

Infection, dehydration, thermoregulation decreases, scar tissue

Question 57

Replacement of integument with acellular, inflexible, tissue which lacks glands and hair follicles

Answer 57

Scar tissue

Question 58

Raised scar tissue

Answer 58

Keloid

Question 59

Where are melanocytes located?

Answer 59

Stratum Basale

Question 60

What dermis layer is affected by stretch marks?

Answer 60

Reticular layer