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BI 121 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage does the integumentary system make up in our body weight?

A

16%

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2
Q

What are the 6 functions of the integumentary system?

A

Protect underlying tissues and organs

excretes salts, water, organic wastes

maintains body temperature

stores lipids

synthesize vitamin D3

Detects touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

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3
Q

What are the 2 parts of the integument?

A

Cutaneous and accessory structures

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4
Q

Includes the epidermis and dermis

A

Cutaneous

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5
Q

Includes the hair, nails, and exocrine glands

A

Accessory structures

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6
Q

Glands that secretes onto surfaces and ducts

A

Exocrine gland

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7
Q

What are the 2 regions of the cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis and dermis

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8
Q

Outermost protective shield, 4-5 layers of stratified squamous cells, avascular

A

Epidermis

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9
Q

What part of the cutaneous membrane is the origin of accessory structures?

A

Epidermis

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10
Q

What type of tissue make up the epidermis?

A

Epithelium

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11
Q

What type of tissue make up the dermis?

A

Connective

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12
Q

Tough leathery layer, vascular

A

Dermis

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13
Q

What are the functions of the hypodermis?

A

Stabilize and support integument

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14
Q

What type of tissues make up the hypodermic?

A

Areolar and adipose

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15
Q

What does loose connective tissues function for the hypodermic?

A

Insulation, shock absorption, energy storage

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16
Q

How many layers does thin skin have and where is it located?

A

4; most of body

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17
Q

How many layers does the thick skin have and where is it located?

A

5; palms, fingertips, soles of feet

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18
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

A

Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

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19
Q

Mitotic stem cells; 25% of these cells are melanocytes

A

Stratum basale

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20
Q

Infrequent mitosis

A

Stratum spinosum

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21
Q

Transition layer where keratinization begins

A

Stratum granulosum

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22
Q

Present only in thick skin

A

Stratum lucidum

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23
Q

15- 30 cells thick, continuously shed, keratinized

A

Stratum corneum

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24
Q

Formation of a superficial layer of dead, tough, protective cells with keratin

A

Keratinization

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25
Q

How long does it take for cells to move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

A

2 weeks

26
Q

What are the 2 influences on skin color?

A

Pigment, degree of dermal blood circulation

27
Q

Yellow-black pigment that are stored in transport vesicles and transferred to keratinocytes

A

Melanin

28
Q

What is melanin produced by?

A

Melanocytes

29
Q

No melanin production

A

Albinism

30
Q

Melanocytes in certain areas lose their ability to produce melanin

A

Vitiligo

31
Q

UV radiation is used in _____ synthesis

A

Vitamin D3

32
Q

What does melanin protect us from?

A

UV radiation

33
Q

Least malignant type of skin cancer that rarely spreads

A

Basal cell carcinoma

34
Q

Rare type of skin cancer that is the leading causes of death of skin cancer

A

Melanoma

35
Q

Liver and kidneys convert vitamin D3 into _____

A

Calcitriol

36
Q

Aids in absorption of calcium

A

Calcitriol

37
Q

What can an insufficient amount of vitamin D3 cause?

A

Rickets

38
Q

What are the 2 major layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary and reticular

39
Q

Layer of dermis that is made of loose connective tissue and contains capillaries and feeds the epidermis

A

Papillary

40
Q

Layer of dermis that is made of deep irregular connective tissue, elastic and collagen fibers

A

Reticular layer

41
Q

Dead keratinized and epithelial cells

A

Hair

42
Q

Surrounds and produces hair

A

Hair follicle

43
Q

What is the function of hair?

A

Protection, reduction of heat loss, sense of light touch

44
Q

Secretes sebum and is an exocrine gland

A

Sebaceous gland

45
Q

Prevents dehydration of hair and skin; inhibits bacterial and fungal growth

A

Sebum

46
Q

Inflammation of the sebaceous gland

A

Acne

47
Q

Sweat gland that helps with thermoregulation, waste removal, active throughout live and is found all over skin

A

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

48
Q

Sweat gland that is associated with sexual excitement, active during puberty, limited distribution

A

Apocrine sweat glands

49
Q

Dead epidermal cells packed with keratin

A

Nails

50
Q

What are the effects of aging on integument?

A

Epidermal and dermal thinning, decrease in melanocyte activity, increase risk of infection and sun damage, slower skin repair, decreased vitamin D3 synthesis, diminished blood supply, decreased glandular activity

51
Q

Hormone that increases epidermal thickness, accelerate wound healing, increase number of cells protecting against cancer cells sand pathogen

A

Sex hormone

52
Q

Hormone that stimulates collagen synthesis, stimulates basal cell division

A

Growth hormone

53
Q

Hormone that stimulates basal cell division, accelerates production of keratin

A

Epidermal growth factor

54
Q

Why does the skin increase in number of cell layers during skin injury/healing?

A

Mechanical stress

55
Q

Why does the skin have really good regenerative ability?

A

Stem cells in epidermis and dermis

56
Q

During skin injury what are the risks?

A

Infection, dehydration, thermoregulation decreases, scar tissue

57
Q

Replacement of integument with acellular, inflexible, tissue which lacks glands and hair follicles

A

Scar tissue

58
Q

Raised scar tissue

A

Keloid

59
Q

Where are melanocytes located?

A

Stratum Basale

60
Q

What dermis layer is affected by stretch marks?

A

Reticular layer

BI 121 (28 decks)

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