Brain Flashcards by Kaitlin C

Contains almost 97% of the body’s neural tissue

Brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hollow cylinder that develops into the primary brain vesicles during embryonic development

Neural tube

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles?

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When does the forebrain and hindbrain divide into secondary brain vesicles?

5 weeks

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

Regulate autonomic function such as heartbeat and breathing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

`Crossing over of most descending (motor) tracts; reason why each side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

Decussation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the pons?

Controls smooth transition between inhalation and exhalation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does CSF begin?

Lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the lateral ventricles CSF goes to….

Interventricular foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the interventricular foramen CSF goes to…

3rd ventricle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the 3rd ventricle CSF goes to…

Cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the cerebral aqueduct CSF goes to…

4th ventricle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the 4th ventricle CSF goes to…

Lateral and medial apertures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the lateral and medial apertures CSF goes to…(3)

Subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord, central canal of spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the subarachnoid space of the brain CSF goes to…

Arachnoid villi of dural sinus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the arachnoid villi of the dural sinus CSF goes to…

venous blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After venous blood CSF goes to…

Heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After the heart CSF goes to…

Blood circulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CSF filled chambers of the brain

Ventricles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ventricles in each cerebral hemisphere

Lateral ventricles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the lateral ventricles drained by?

Interventricular foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ventricle that lies near the thalamus; ventricle of diencephalon

Third ventricle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the 3rd ventricle drained by?

Cerebral aqueduct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ventricle that lies anterior to cerebellum; extends into medulla oblongata; becomes continuous with central canal of the spinal cord

4th ventricle

What are the coverings of the brain?

Skull, meninges

Surrounds all exposed surfaces of the CNS

CSF

What are the 2 functions of the CSF?

Cushions neural structures, transport nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products

What produces CSF?

Choroid plexus

Specialized ependymal cells and blood capillaries that secrete CSF and remove wastes

Choroid plexus

What is the function of the midbrain?

Process visual and auditory data then generates startle reflexes

Regulates involuntary muscle actions and is associated with Parkinson's disease

Substantia nigra

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Controls and coordinates the contraction of skeletal muscle

Connects cerebral hemispheres to the brainstem

Diencephalon

Relay center for sensory and motor pathways

Thalamus

Controls body temperature, regulates eating and drinking, involuntary control center

Hypothalamus

Narrow stalk that connects hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

Infundibulum

Emotional brain

Limbic system

Links emotions with memory

Amygdala

Importnat in learning and memory

Hippocampus

Conscious thought processes, intellectual function, memory storage

Cerebrum

Gray matter of the cortex

Cerebral cortex

Where are the sensory areas located in the cerebral cortex?

Parietal (postcentral gyrus)

Where are the motor areas located in the cerebral cortex?

Frontal (precentral gyrus)

Performs abstract intellectual functions

Prefrontal cortex

Auditory and olfactory area

temporal lobe

Motor speech area

Left cerebral hemisphere

Visual area

Occipital lobe

Interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response

Association area

Functional differences between left and right hemispheres

Hemispheric lateralization

Written report of electrical activity of the brain

EEG

Pain receptors

Nociceptors

Temperature receptors

Thermoreceptors

Sensitive to water soluble and lipid soluble substances that are dissolved in body fluids

Chemoreceptors

Sensitive to stimuli that distort their plasma membranes

Mechanoreceptors

From receptor to synapse in spinal cord

First order neuron

Crosses spinal cord and reaches thalamus

Second order neuron

From thalamus to sensory cortex; carry crude touch, pressure, pain and temperature sensations from body

Third order neuron

Carries sensations of highly localized fine touch

Posterior column pathway

Carries proprioceptive information about position of skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons to cerebellum

Spinocerebellar pathway

CSF builds up and forces cranial bones to enlarge

Hydrocephalus

Condition of substantia nigra that involves increased muscle tone due to loss of inhibitory neurons that innervate the basal nuclei

Parkinson's disease

Progressive degenerative disorder that affects motor neurons; causes atrophy of associated skeletal muscles

ALS