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BI 121 > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Contains almost 97% of the body’s neural tissue

A

Brain

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2
Q

Hollow cylinder that develops into the primary brain vesicles during embryonic development

A

Neural tube

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3
Q

What are the 3 primary brain vesicles?

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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4
Q

When does the forebrain and hindbrain divide into secondary brain vesicles?

A

5 weeks

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5
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

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6
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A

Regulate autonomic function such as heartbeat and breathing

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7
Q

`Crossing over of most descending (motor) tracts; reason why each side of the brain controls the opposite side of the body

A

Decussation

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8
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Controls smooth transition between inhalation and exhalation

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9
Q

Where does CSF begin?

A

Lateral ventricles

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10
Q

After the lateral ventricles CSF goes to….

A

Interventricular foramen

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11
Q

After the interventricular foramen CSF goes to…

A

3rd ventricle

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12
Q

After the 3rd ventricle CSF goes to…

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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13
Q

After the cerebral aqueduct CSF goes to…

A

4th ventricle

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14
Q

After the 4th ventricle CSF goes to…

A

Lateral and medial apertures

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15
Q

After the lateral and medial apertures CSF goes to…(3)

A

Subarachnoid space of brain and spinal cord, central canal of spinal cord

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16
Q

After the subarachnoid space of the brain CSF goes to…

A

Arachnoid villi of dural sinus

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17
Q

After the arachnoid villi of the dural sinus CSF goes to…

A

venous blood

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18
Q

After venous blood CSF goes to…

A

Heart

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19
Q

After the heart CSF goes to…

A

Blood circulation

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20
Q

CSF filled chambers of the brain

A

Ventricles

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21
Q

Ventricles in each cerebral hemisphere

A

Lateral ventricles

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22
Q

What are the lateral ventricles drained by?

A

Interventricular foramen

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23
Q

Ventricle that lies near the thalamus; ventricle of diencephalon

A

Third ventricle

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24
Q

What is the 3rd ventricle drained by?

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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25
Q

Ventricle that lies anterior to cerebellum; extends into medulla oblongata; becomes continuous with central canal of the spinal cord

A

4th ventricle

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26
Q

What are the coverings of the brain?

A

Skull, meninges

27
Q

Surrounds all exposed surfaces of the CNS

A

CSF

28
Q

What are the 2 functions of the CSF?

A

Cushions neural structures, transport nutrients, chemical messengers and waste products

29
Q

What produces CSF?

A

Choroid plexus

30
Q

Specialized ependymal cells and blood capillaries that secrete CSF and remove wastes

A

Choroid plexus

31
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Process visual and auditory data then generates startle reflexes

32
Q

Regulates involuntary muscle actions and is associated with Parkinson’s disease

A

Substantia nigra

33
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Controls and coordinates the contraction of skeletal muscle

34
Q

Connects cerebral hemispheres to the brainstem

A

Diencephalon

35
Q

Relay center for sensory and motor pathways

A

Thalamus

36
Q

Controls body temperature, regulates eating and drinking, involuntary control center

A

Hypothalamus

37
Q

Narrow stalk that connects hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

A

Infundibulum

38
Q

Emotional brain

A

Limbic system

39
Q

Links emotions with memory

A

Amygdala

40
Q

Importnat in learning and memory

A

Hippocampus

41
Q

Conscious thought processes, intellectual function, memory storage

A

Cerebrum

42
Q

Gray matter of the cortex

A

Cerebral cortex

43
Q

Where are the sensory areas located in the cerebral cortex?

A

Parietal (postcentral gyrus)

44
Q

Where are the motor areas located in the cerebral cortex?

A

Frontal (precentral gyrus)

45
Q

Performs abstract intellectual functions

A

Prefrontal cortex

46
Q

Auditory and olfactory area

A

temporal lobe

47
Q

Motor speech area

A

Left cerebral hemisphere

48
Q

Visual area

A

Occipital lobe

49
Q

Interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response

A

Association area

50
Q

Functional differences between left and right hemispheres

A

Hemispheric lateralization

51
Q

Written report of electrical activity of the brain

A

EEG

52
Q

Pain receptors

A

Nociceptors

53
Q

Temperature receptors

A

Thermoreceptors

54
Q

Sensitive to water soluble and lipid soluble substances that are dissolved in body fluids

A

Chemoreceptors

55
Q

Sensitive to stimuli that distort their plasma membranes

A

Mechanoreceptors

56
Q

From receptor to synapse in spinal cord

A

First order neuron

57
Q

Crosses spinal cord and reaches thalamus

A

Second order neuron

58
Q

From thalamus to sensory cortex; carry crude touch, pressure, pain and temperature sensations from body

A

Third order neuron

59
Q

Carries sensations of highly localized fine touch

A

Posterior column pathway

60
Q

Carries proprioceptive information about position of skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons to cerebellum

A

Spinocerebellar pathway

61
Q

CSF builds up and forces cranial bones to enlarge

A

Hydrocephalus

62
Q

Condition of substantia nigra that involves increased muscle tone due to loss of inhibitory neurons that innervate the basal nuclei

A

Parkinson’s disease

63
Q

Progressive degenerative disorder that affects motor neurons; causes atrophy of associated skeletal muscles

A

ALS

BI 121 (28 decks)

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