Spinal Anatomy- Vertebral Column/Spinal Jts. Flashcards
What does the notochord give rise to and what does it persist as
Notochord guides development of vert column and spinal cord (gives rise to nucleus pulposus and IVD)
persistes as nucleus pulposes
Condensations of mesoderm around notochord are called what
somites
what 3 main things develop from somites
Sclerotomes (develop vert)
Myotomes (develop mm)
Dermatomes (peripheral n develop)
what are the 3 primary and 5 secondary ossification centres of the sclerotomes
3 primary= centrum, R + L halves of neural arch
5 secondary= spinous process, R+L transverse process, Upper/lower vert endplates
What are the atypical cervical vert and why
C1- no body, large lat masses, ant arch and post arch w groove for vert artery
C2- dens
C7- long non bifid SPs
Regional orientation of sup articular facets
Cerv- back, up, med
thoracic- back, up, lat
lumbar- back, med
Ant longitudinal lig- loc and what does it prevent
sacrum to basal part of occiput
-prevents hypertext of the spine
post longitudinal lig- location and what does it do
c2- sacrum
prevents hyperflexion
Supraspinous log loc and what it does
Tips of SP to SP
-prevents hyperflexion
Interspinous lig and what does it limit
Runs bw UPs
prevents post translation and limits flex
Ligamentum flavum and what does it limit
laminae of adjacent vert
limits flex and prevents buckling in extension
Intertransverse lig and what does it limit
runs bw transverse processes of adjacent vert
-limits lat bending
alar lig and what does it limit
originates from the post and lat aspects of the dens
limits axial rot
apical lig
arises from dens and inserts on ant foramen magnum
limits flex and ext of c2
Cruitiate lig (3) loc and what does it limit
transverse lig- extends from a small medial tubercle on lat mass of the atlas to the same tubercle on the other side
superior longitudinal- middle of transverse lig to ant tip of foramen magnum
inferior longitudinal- middle of transverse lig to body of C2
what type of collagen fibres make up IVD
outer Type 1 and inner Type 2 collagen fibres
(has 15-20 concentric laminae in 40-70 deg to the vert axis)
what part of the annulus fibrosis is inn and by what/where
outer third only
Sinuvertebral nerve post
sensory nerves which run in the gray sympathetic rami communicates laterally
What is the IVF bounded by sup, inf, ant and post
sup- by pedicle of the inferior vertebral notch
ant- posterolat aspects of adjacent vertebrae
inf- pedidle and sup vertebral notch of vert below
post- ant aspect of z joint
what is contained in the IVF (7)
spinal nerve
spinal nerve roots
dorsal root ganglion
spinal artery
veins 2-4 sunuvertebral nerves
fat
transforaminal ligs
where is the spinal canal the smallest
thoracic region and largest in the cervical region
where is the mc site of cord compression
c6 because the spinal cord is widest at this point
Atlanto occipital jt- classification and inn
condylar- occipital bone + sup articular facet of C1
inn- C1
Median antlanto acial jt.
pivot (ant arch of C1 and dens of C2)
Lateral antalnto axial jt- classification and inn
Planar (lat mass of c1 and sup facets of C2)
C2 inn
Facet jots classification, inn
Planar
inn- medial branches of the dorsal rami of the corresponding spinal nerve below
where does most flex/ext and rotation happen in the C spine
50% flex and ext at C0-1
50% rot at C1-2
SI joint classification and inn
reciprocal interlocking planar
inn- sup gluteal nerve and branches from S1-2
Costovertebral jt classicifcaton and inn
planar (body of vert and head of corresponding rib)
(upper 6 pump handle, lower 6 bucket handle)
inn- segmental spinal nerve
Costotransverse jt-classification, inn
Planar (tubercle of the rib and transverse process of corresponding vert
inn- Segmenttal spinal nerve
costochondral jt- classification, inn
synchonchrosis (distal end of the rib and cartilage)
inn- segmental spinal nerve
Sternochondral joint type, inn
Synchondrosis for the 1st and planar for others (cartilage and sternum)
Inn- segmental spinal nerves
Manubriosternal classification, inn
Symphysis ( manubrium and body of serum)
-segmental spinal nerve
Xiphisternal jt type and inn
Symphysis becomes a synostosis after the 40th year (body of sternum and xiphoid process
