Spinal Anatomy- Vertebral Column/Spinal Jts.

Question 1

What does the notochord give rise to and what does it persist as

Answer 1

Notochord guides development of vert column and spinal cord (gives rise to nucleus pulposus and IVD)

persistes as nucleus pulposes

Question 2

Condensations of mesoderm around notochord are called what

Answer 2

somites

Question 3

what 3 main things develop from somites

Answer 3

Sclerotomes (develop vert)

Myotomes (develop mm)

Dermatomes (peripheral n develop)

Question 4

what are the 3 primary and 5 secondary ossification centres of the sclerotomes

Answer 4

3 primary= centrum, R + L halves of neural arch

5 secondary= spinous process, R+L transverse process, Upper/lower vert endplates

Question 5

What are the atypical cervical vert and why

Answer 5

C1- no body, large lat masses, ant arch and post arch w groove for vert artery

C2- dens

C7- long non bifid SPs

Question 6

Regional orientation of sup articular facets

Answer 6

Cerv- back, up, med

thoracic- back, up, lat

lumbar- back, med

Question 7

Ant longitudinal lig- loc and what does it prevent

Answer 7

sacrum to basal part of occiput
-prevents hypertext of the spine

Question 8

post longitudinal lig- location and what does it do

Answer 8

c2- sacrum
prevents hyperflexion

Question 9

Supraspinous log loc and what it does

Answer 9

Tips of SP to SP

-prevents hyperflexion

Question 10

Interspinous lig and what does it limit

Answer 10

Runs bw UPs
prevents post translation and limits flex

Question 11

Ligamentum flavum and what does it limit

Answer 11

laminae of adjacent vert
limits flex and prevents buckling in extension

Question 12

Intertransverse lig and what does it limit

Answer 12

runs bw transverse processes of adjacent vert

-limits lat bending

Question 13

alar lig and what does it limit

Answer 13

originates from the post and lat aspects of the dens
limits axial rot

Question 14

apical lig

Answer 14

arises from dens and inserts on ant foramen magnum
limits flex and ext of c2

Question 15

Cruitiate lig (3) loc and what does it limit

Answer 15

transverse lig- extends from a small medial tubercle on lat mass of the atlas to the same tubercle on the other side

superior longitudinal- middle of transverse lig to ant tip of foramen magnum

inferior longitudinal- middle of transverse lig to body of C2

Question 16

what type of collagen fibres make up IVD

Answer 16

outer Type 1 and inner Type 2 collagen fibres

(has 15-20 concentric laminae in 40-70 deg to the vert axis)

Question 17

what part of the annulus fibrosis is inn and by what/where

Answer 17

outer third only

Sinuvertebral nerve post
sensory nerves which run in the gray sympathetic rami communicates laterally

Question 18

What is the IVF bounded by sup, inf, ant and post

Answer 18

sup- by pedicle of the inferior vertebral notch

ant- posterolat aspects of adjacent vertebrae

inf- pedidle and sup vertebral notch of vert below

post- ant aspect of z joint

Question 19

what is contained in the IVF (7)

Answer 19

spinal nerve
spinal nerve roots
dorsal root ganglion
spinal artery
veins 2-4 sunuvertebral nerves
fat
transforaminal ligs

Question 20

where is the spinal canal the smallest

Answer 20

thoracic region and largest in the cervical region

Question 21

where is the mc site of cord compression

Answer 21

c6 because the spinal cord is widest at this point

Question 22

Atlanto occipital jt- classification and inn

Answer 22

condylar- occipital bone + sup articular facet of C1

inn- C1

Question 23

Median antlanto acial jt.

Answer 23

pivot (ant arch of C1 and dens of C2)

Question 24

Lateral antalnto axial jt- classification and inn

Answer 24

Planar (lat mass of c1 and sup facets of C2)

C2 inn

Question 25

Facet jots classification, inn

Answer 25

Planar

inn- medial branches of the dorsal rami of the corresponding spinal nerve below

Question 26

where does most flex/ext and rotation happen in the C spine

Answer 26

50% flex and ext at C0-1

50% rot at C1-2

Question 27

SI joint classification and inn

Answer 27

reciprocal interlocking planar

inn- sup gluteal nerve and branches from S1-2

Question 28

Costovertebral jt classicifcaton and inn

Answer 28

planar (body of vert and head of corresponding rib)
(upper 6 pump handle, lower 6 bucket handle)

inn- segmental spinal nerve

Question 29

Costotransverse jt-classification, inn

Answer 29

Planar (tubercle of the rib and transverse process of corresponding vert

inn- Segmenttal spinal nerve

Question 30

costochondral jt- classification, inn

Answer 30

synchonchrosis (distal end of the rib and cartilage)

inn- segmental spinal nerve

Question 31

Sternochondral joint type, inn

Answer 31

Synchondrosis for the 1st and planar for others (cartilage and sternum)

Inn- segmental spinal nerves

Question 32

Manubriosternal classification, inn

Answer 32

Symphysis ( manubrium and body of serum)

-segmental spinal nerve

Question 33

Xiphisternal jt type and inn

Answer 33

Symphysis becomes a synostosis after the 40th year (body of sternum and xiphoid process