General anatomy- Respiratory Anatomy

Question 1

When doe the alveoli develop

Answer 1

third trimester

Question 2

where does the trachea begin and what is it lined bt

Answer 2

begins at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
-rigid fibrocartilage tube lined by pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 3

where does the trachea end

Answer 3

ends at sternal angle T4/5 by bifurcation of right and left bronchi

Question 4

right vs left bronchi

Answer 4

right- shorter, wider and more vertical than the left

left- longer, narrower and lies more horizontal

Question 5

where are aspirated items more likely to go

Answer 5

more likely to go into middle lobe of the right primary bronchus

Question 6

how many secondary bronchus does the right and left bronchi divide into

Answer 6

right- 3 secondary bronchi
left- two

Question 7

what are the 10 segments of the right lung (upper, middle, lower)

Answer 7

upper lobe- apical, post, anterior

middle lobe- lateral, medial

lower- superior, lateral, anterior, medial, post basal

Question 8

left lung lobes (upper, lower)

Answer 8

upper- apicopost, anterior, superior, inferior inguinal

lower- superior, anterior, lateral, post basal

Question 9

location of items in the in the right and left lung roots

Answer 9

bronchus lies behind, veins bellow

pulmonary aa:
Right lunch anterior to bonchus
left lung superior to bronchus

Question 10

what are the 2 layers of pleura and where do they lie

Answer 10

Parietal (outer)- lies against the thoracic cage

Visceral (inner)- lies against the lungs

Question 11

What is the parietal and visceral pleura sensitive to

Answer 11

parietal- sensitive to pain (supplied by intercostal/phrenic n)

Visceral- Insensitive (autonomic inn by vagus)

Question 12

What are the parts of the plura (4)

Answer 12

costal, mediastinal, diagphragmatic and cervical

Question 13

what arteries supplied by

Answer 13

anterior and posterior intercostal arteries

Question 14

what are the upper 6 and lower 5 anterior intercostal arteries supplied by

Answer 14

upper 6- internal thoracic (branch of subclavian)

lower 5- musculophrenic branch of costocervical trunk

Question 15

what is the 1st and 2nd and 3-11 post intercostal arteries supplied by

Answer 15

1-2- costocervical trunk of subclavian

3-11- thoracic aorta

Question 16

venous drainage of lunge

Answer 16

azygos venous system

Question 17

lymphatics of the lung drainage (steps)

Answer 17

periphery of lungs to:
-pumonary nodes
-then to bronchopulmonary nodes
-tracheobronchial nodes
-para tracheal nodes
-finally into mediastinal lymphatic trunks

Question 18

Where does the azygos vein lie and what does it receive draining into it

Answer 18

right side of lower 8 thoracic vert

-recieves 2nd-11 post intercostal and right subcostal veins
-passes thru the diaphragm at t12 along w aorta and thoracic duct

Question 19

where does the hemiazygos vein lie and what does it recieve

Answer 19

hemiazygos lies on left
-revieces left subcostal and the lower 3/4 left intercostal veins

Question 20

what does the accessory azygos vein recieve

Answer 20

formed by the 5th to 8th intercostal veins

Question 21

where does the 1/2nd post intercostal veins drain into

Answer 21

brachiocephalic veins (on L)

Question 22

where do the muscle fibres of the diaphragm originate from

Answer 22

Right crus- from bodies of L1-3
Left crus- bodes of L1-2
Lower 6 ribs
sternum

insert on to the central tendon

Question 23

What are the 3 major opening of the diaphragm and what passes thru them

Answer 23

T8- IVC, R phrenic, Pericardiicophrenic vessels

T10- esophagus and vagus n

T12- Aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein

Question 24

What passes thru the central tendon, right crus and between right and left crura

Answer 24

central- IVC

Right crus- Esophagus

Right + left crura- Aorta

Question 25

diagphram is inn by what

Answer 25

phrenic nerve (c3,4,5)