CNS Anatomy Flashcards
what are the 3 vesticles of the CNS embryology
1st vesicle (prosencephalon-forebrain)
2nd vesicle (mesencephalon- midbrain)
3rd vesicle (rombencephaon- hindbrain)
what are the prosencephalon (forebrain) secondary vesicles
Telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres and lat ventricles)
Diencephalon (thalamus, epithalamus and subthalamic nuclei)
What are the secondary vesicles of the rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum)
Myelencephalon (medulla, 4th ventricle)
What are the neuroglia cells of the brain (4)
Astrocytes- helps w blood brain barrier
Ependymal cells- line ventricles and make CSF
Oliodendrocytes + Schwann- produce myelin in CNS and PNs respectively
What are microglia cells and what are they derived from
macrophages of the nervous system
Microglia cells are derived from mesoderm and not neuroectoderm as other cells
what are commissural, association and projection fibres in CNS
commissural- R to L sides of brain/spinal cord
Association- From one part to another part of same hemisphere
Projection- from brain to spinal cord (vise versa)
what are the two sources that supply the brain
Anterior circulation (internal carotid)
Posterior circulation (Vertebrobasilar system)
_both connected by circle of wills
What does the ant cerebral artery supply + what does obstruction cause
medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere up to Pareto-occipital fissue
CL paralysis of LL
CL anathesia of LL
Mental confusion
Middle cerebral artery supply and occlusion (cortical br)
CL paralysis of lower face and tongue
CL paralysis of UL
CL anaesthesia of face, neck, UL, trunk
posterior cerebral artery occlusion
Hemianopia of both CL visual fields
Amnesia
Alexia (inability to read)
Prosopagnosia (inabilitaty to recognize faces)
posterior cerebral artery occlusion
Hemianopia of both CL visual fields
Amnesia
Alexia (inability to read)
Prosopagnosia (inabilitaty to recognize faces)
Middle cerebral branch (lenticulostriate) occlusion (int capsule-post limb)
CL paralysis of UL, LL, trunk, neck
CL anesthesia of UL, LL, trunk, neck
hemianopia of CL visual fields of both eyes
central middle cerebral artery occlusion affecting genu
CL supranuclear facial nerve palsy
CL supra nuclear hypoglossal nerve palsy
