General anatomy- cardiovascular Flashcards
where does the heart start to develop and in which week
develops in mesoderm in cephalic region in 3rd week
how does the heart tube develop
endocardial tubes fuse and form primitive heart tube which folds on itself to form three diabalations- atrial, ventricular and bulbs cordis
what is formed on the pro an distal end of the heart tube
prox- sinus venous
distal- truncus arteriosus
what happens in the 5th week of development
atrial dilation is divided by septum premium
what is the 2nd septum that appears in the upper part of the septum premum and what does it turn into
the septum secundum (it is incomplete inf and remains as lambus of fossa ovalis
what does the truncates arterioles turn into and at which week?
divided into the aortic and pulmonary in the 7th and 8th weeks
what is the ductus arteriousis
in the fetus that allows oxygenated blood to be shunted from left pulmonary artery to arch of the aorta (closed after birth to become ligaments arteriosum)
what is the mc congenital heart disease
ventricular septal defect
what is the mc congenital cyanotic heart disease
fallots tetralogy
what is fallows tetralogy
- pulmonary stenosis
- ventricular septal defect
- r ventricular hypertrophy
- overriding dextraposition of the aorta
what are the acyanotic congenital heart diseases (3) left to right shunts
atrial septal defect
ventricular septal defect
persistent ductus arteriosius
what is the rough and smooth part of the right atrium from
Rough part from true atrium
smooth part from sinus venous
(separated by crista terminalis)
what is the the reminds or the septum premum and septum secundum
primum- foramen ovalis
secundum- limbus of the fossa ovalis
where is the coronary sinus located
above tricuspid valve in r atrium
how much venous blood drains in coronary sinus
60-70%
What openings does the left atrium have
4 pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from lungs
what fleshy parts are in the right ventricle
several fleshy trabevulae farnese and papillary mm
surface markings of heart valve sounds- aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid, mitral
aortic- 2nd right intercostal space
pulmonary- 2nd left intercostal space
tricuspid- 4th left intercostal space
mitral- 5th left intercostal space
what two arteries is the heart supplied by
Right and left coronary artery from the ascending part of the aorta
branches of the R coronary artery (4)
- sinuatrial
- right marginal
- post interventricular
- atrioventricular
Distribution of the r coronary artery (6)
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- 30% of left atrium
- SA node
- AV node
- post 1/3 of intraverntricular septum
Brancehs of the left coronary artery (3)
circumflex
ant inter ventricular
left marginal
Distribution of the left coronary aa
- Left ventricle
- 70% of the left atrium
- ant 2/3 of the inter ventricular septum
what veins drain into the coronary sinus
great cardiac
small cardiac
middle cardiac
oblique cardiac
other than the coronary sinus where does the other blood from the heart drain
anterior cardiac vein which opens into r atrium
smaller venue cross minimize
SA node inervation
cardiac plexuses with sympathetic fibres from T1-5 and parasympathetic from CN10
what are the two parts of the cardiac plexus and where are they located
deep + superficial
deep= behind arch of the aorta
superficial= below the arch
superficial part of the cardiac plexus receives inn from (2)
- sup cervical sympathetic ganglion
- inf cardiac branch of the vagus
Deep part of the cardiac plexus receives branches/inn from what
Sup/middle/inf cervical sympathetic plexus
superior and inferior cardiac branches of the vagus
recurrent laryngeal nerves
branches of the thoracic aorta (7)
right and left coronary aa (from ascending) Brachiocephalic trunk (from arch) left common carotid left subclavian 3rd-11th post intercostals bronchial esophageal
Branches of the abdominal aorta (4 paired visceral, 4 paired parietal, 4 unpaired visceral)
4 paired visceral
- inf phrenic
- middle adrenal
- renal
- gonadal
4 paired parietal
-1-4th lumbar aa
4 unpaired visceral
- celiac trunk
- sup mesenteric
- inf mesenteric
- median sacral
where does the aorta end inf
@ L4 by bifurcating into:
- Common iliac aa which then divide into
- -internal and external iliac aa
branches of the internal iliac aa (9 branches)
‘Some Inherit Money, Others Inherit Insanity, Usually. Isn’t Life Silly’
Superior vesical inferior vesical middle rectal obturator inferior gluteal internal pudendal (Uterine + vaginal in females)
Branches of post div of internal iliac
‘Isn’t Life Silly’
Iliolumbar
lateral sacral
superior gluteal
External iliac artery branches (3)
Cremasteric aa
inf epigastic aa
deep circumflex aa
femoral artery branches beyond inguinal lig (4)
superficial external pudendal
deep external pudendal
superficial circumflex iliac deep femoral with its medial and lat circumflex branches
path of femoral aa
passes thru adductor canal to become popliteal artery
branches of the popliteal aa
medial and lat sup
middle, med and lateral inferior genicular aa
What does the popliteal aa split into
post and ant tibial aa
path and branches of post tibial aa
branches: post medial malleolar muscular peroneal or fibular nutrient to tibia
terminal branches:
medial and lateral plantar
anterior tibial aa branches and terminal branch
recurrent genicualr
anterior medial
lateral malleolar
Terminal:
dorsalis pedis artery (gives off accurate aa to supply dorsum)
what does the dorsalis pedis aa join with and what does it form
joins lateral plantar branch of post rib aa to form plantar arch
where does the right and left subclavian aa come off of
left comes straight off arch
right comes off brachiocephalic trunk
main branches of the subclavian aa (4)
internal thoracic
vertebral
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk
beyond the 1st rib what does the subclavian aa become and what are the branches of the 3 parts
axillary aa
1st- superior thoracic aa
2nd- thoracic-acromial and lateral thoracic aa
3rd-subscapular, posterior and anterior circumflex humeral
where does the axillary aa become the brachial aa and what are the branches(4)
brachial beyond the lower border of trees major
- profunda brachial
- nutrient
- muscular
- superior and inferior ulnar collateral aa
what happens when the brachial aa reaches the cubital fossa
terminates and splits into radial and ulnar aa
Branches of radial aa (4)
RCMP radial recuurent carpal muscular superficial palmar
branches of the ulnar aa (5)
- anterior and post ulnar collateral
- common interosseous
- muscular
- ant and post carpal
- deep palmar
what are the two arches the radial and ulnar arteries form in the hand
superficial (continuation of ulnar)
Deep (continuation of radial
(common palmar digital aa supply fingers)
