SPELS

Question 0

What is the sequence of action for adult basic life support?

Answer 0

Danger- assess environment for risks
Responsiveness of casualty (verbal, shake, then pain- ear lobe/above eye/chest).
Shout over airwaves for help
Airwaves- check nothing in mouth, clear by tipping head back.
Breathing- watch, feel and listen
(If not breathing inform over airwave)
(If breathing put into recovery position)
CPR if not breathing

Question 1

What is the chain of survival?

Answer 1

1. Early recognition
2. Early CPR
3. Early defibilrillation
4. Early advanced care.

Question 2

What do you do if you see/hear agonal breathing?

Answer 2

Start CPR.

Question 3

When administering CPR how far do you push down on the sternum?

Answer 3

In an adult, 5-6cm, approx 1/3 of the depth of the chest

Question 4

At what rate do you administer CPR?

Answer 4

100-120 bpm.

Question 5

How many rescue breaths do you give and after how many compressions?

Answer 5

2 rescue breaths to 30 compressions.

Question 6

When should you stop CPR?

Answer 6

If you are physically exhausted.
You are relieved by a medical professional who is ready to take over.
The casualty starts breathing.

Question 7

When administering CPR to a baby what should you do?

Answer 7

Give 5 rescue breaths before compressions, then do a ratio of 30:2.
If under 1yr, use 2 fingers for compressions
If over a year use 1 hand

Question 8

How long should you check a person breathing for?

Answer 8

No more than 10 seconds.

Question 9

What should you do if you suspect someone of choking?

Answer 9

Asses severity by:
Ask if they are choking (they should be able to breathe and speak)
Ask them to cough but do nothing else.
If choking is minor them cough will be effective,mid severe the cough will be ineffective.

Question 10

What do you do if someone is choking (severe)?

Answer 10

Ask if they are choking (cannot breathe/speak)
Tell them to bend over.
Support them at their chest.
Administer 5 back blows (Palm heel strike).
(Check between each blow that they’re still choking)
If back blows don’t work administer 5 abdominal thrusts.
If doesn’t work alternate between back blows and thrusts.
If becomes unconscious call for ambulance and start CPR.

Question 11

What are the signs of choking?

Answer 11

Clasping neck.

Trying to cough

Question 12

What are the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?

Answer 12

Chest pain
Chest tightness
Pain going from chest into jaw or down left arm.
Pale
Clammy
Vomiting
Breathlessness
Dizziness

Question 13

What treatment should you administer to someone you suspect of having a heart attack?

Answer 13

Call an ambulance.
Put casualty in the “m” position (sitting with knees up in front of them.
Loosen any restricting clothing.
Reassure the casualty.
If breathing & heartbeat stop, administer CPR.

Question 14

What are the symptoms of shock?

Answer 14

White person will be pale/ashen.
Black person will be ashen grey.
Cold & clammy skin.
Faint/weak.
Thirsty.
Nauseous.

Question 15

What treatment should be administered to someone bleeding?

Answer 15

Position- sit/lie casualty down. If possible keep head lower than the rest of the body to prevent shock.
Expose and examine wound, check for anything in wound.
Elevate bleeding site as high as possible.
Pressure- apply to site.

Question 16

What is the treatment for shock?

Answer 16

Do not- apply any heat or give anything to drink.
Reassure
Lay them down with feet up.
Loosen tight clothing.
Cover with blanket.
Keep check on signs and level of response
Call ambulance

Question 17

What are the signs of respiratory distress?

Answer 17

Difficulty breathing
Distress/anxiety
Difficulty speaking
Blue/ashen skin

Question 18

What treatment should be given to someone in respiratory distress?

Answer 18

Loosen tight clothing
Put in a comfortable position
Reassure
Keep warm
Monitor

Question 19

What to look for in a stroke…

Answer 19

Facial weakness- mouth/ eye dropped?
Arm weakness- can they raise both arms?
Speech problems- slurring?
Time to call 999 if all of the above.

Question 20

What are the symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 20

Gradual or sudden loss of consciousness.
Low level of response.
Agitated
Slow, deep, noisy breathing.
Unequal pupil size.
Flushed skin
Numbness/weakness or paralysis on one side of body 
Slurred speech
Blurred vision 
Confusion
Vomiting
Headache

Question 21

What treatment should be given to someone having a stroke?

Answer 21

Maintain airway and breathing 
Put in position with head and shoulders raised.
If unconscious put in recovery position.
Reassure
Monitor breathing and response levels.

Question 22

What treatment should be given to someone having an epileptic fit?

Answer 22

Help to floor
Cushion head
Loosen tight clothing and remove any glasses
Clear space round the person
Once fit stops:
Check and monitor airways and breathing
Put in recovery position.
Keep warm
Check response levels.
Call for medical assistance if:
Fit lasts longer than 5 mins
Response levels do not improve after 10 mins after fit.
Another fit follows immediately after first.
The person is injured.
You are injured.