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SPECONLEC_S1_L3 - P2-P13 Flashcards

1
Q

Global average life expectancy at 60 years

A

20 years

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2
Q

65-75 years:

A

“old geriatric population”

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3
Q

> 85 years:

A

○ aka “oldest old”

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4
Q

> 90 years:

A

nonagenarian

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5
Q

80s

A

Octogenarian

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6
Q

100s

A

Centenarian

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7
Q

↑ population =

A

↑ people with Sx

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8
Q

MUSCLE: The loss of muscle fibers and decrease fiber size in the elderly results in ___

A

loss of force per unit area

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9
Q

MUSCLE: Disproportionate loss of type ___ fibers

A

Disproportionate loss of type 2 fibers

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10
Q

T/F
Even if muscle fibers and fiber size decrease as we age, motor units are not affected

A

False (There’s also loss of motor units in aging)

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11
Q

attributable to an underlying disease; loss of both muscle and fat mass

A

Cachexia

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12
Q

loss of muscle mass and strength, increase in fat mass, and abdominal girth

A

Sarcopenia

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13
Q

part where the motor neuron meets the
muscle

A

motor unit

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14
Q

BONE: Insufficient load-bearing results to ___

A

Insufficient load-bearing -> demineralization

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15
Q

T/F: Changes in bone are affected by changes in excretory system, more significant in women after menopause

A

False (Affected by changes in endocrine system, more significant in women after menopause)

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16
Q

T/F: In Neurologic, there is a decrease in brain volume, frontal white matter loss, and decreased cerebral blood flow

A

False (Decreased brain volume, frontal **grey **matter loss, decreased cerebral bloodflow)

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17
Q

NEUROLOGIC CHANGES: Lens aging may lead to ___

A

cataracts

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18
Q

AGE-RELATED HEARING LOSS: INTRINSIC VS. EXTRINSIC
1. Noise exposure
2. Cochlear aging
3. Genetics
4. Ototoxic drugs

A
  1. Extrinsic
  2. Intrinsic
  3. Intrinsic
  4. Extrinsic
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19
Q

NEUROLOGIC CHANGES: Decline in vision due to ______

A

retinal aging

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20
Q

MHR decreases how many bpm per decade after age _ years

A

6-10 bpm per decade, 25 years

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21
Q

VO2max decreases how many percent per decade after age _ years

A

5-15%, 25 years

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22
Q

VO2max is the _

A

maximum oxygen consumption

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23
Q

↑ VO2max = _ endurance

A

↑

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24
Q

↓ VO2max = ↓ endurance → _ fatigue

A

↑

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25
Q

t or f there is increased arterial compliance among the geriatric

A

f, decreased

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26
Q

Arteries are not complying since they’re more _ →
(increase/decrease) in BP

A

stiff, increase

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27
Q

s the pressure exerted by the blood to the blood vessel

A

BP

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28
Q

Rush of blood into the blood vessel will cause the blood vessels to
___

A

blood vessels dilate to accommodate which avoids ↑ BP

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29
Q

If the arteries don’t accommodate in older pts, there’s _ in BP

A

increase

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30
Q

why is there increased SBP?

A

d/t loss of patency of arteries resulting in increased
pressure in the arteries

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31
Q

there will also be ventricular _ with impaired _ for cardiovascular
changes among the geria

A

left, hypertrophy, filling

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32
Q

there is also Decreased _ in the cardiovascular

A

beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation
response

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33
Q

t or f there is an increase in SA node automaticity in cardiovascular among
geriatric patients

A

f, decreased SA node automaticity

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34
Q

what node can produce its own action potential to stimulate the heart

A

SA node

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35
Q

Predicts 60 beats per minute

A

SA node

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36
Q

it’s not easy to excite the heart for geria since
_ is decreased

A

beta-adrenergic

37
Q

Decreased myocytes lead to

A

muscle weakness

38
Q

t or f Exercise-induced adaptations are increased among the
elderly

A

f, Exercise-induced adaptations are not as available to
elderly

39
Q

t or f there will also be increased sensitivity to catecholamines & impaired
vasodilative responses

A

f, Decreased sensitivity to catecholamines & impaired
vasoconstrictive responses

40
Q

Impaired vasoconstrictive responses: seen in the

41
Q

LE vessels need to contract continuously for
_ for the blood to circulate back to the heart

A

venous return

42
Q

When the venous return is impaired & there is less
blood pumping back to the heart, this results to _

A

hypotension

43
Q

_ can be worn by the patient to facilitate in venous return which
will lessen the chances of hypotensive episodes

A

Compressive stockings

44
Q

IN pulmonary changes among geria, there will be
Impaired _ and _ mismatch

A

pulmonary gas exchange, V/Q

45
Q

t or f Loss of elastic recoil and lung stiffening for geria pts

46
Q

t or f decreased lung compliance and increased thoracic wall mobility
for geria pts

A

f, Increased lung compliance and
decreased thoracic wall mobility

47
Q

t or f there is also Decreased strength of respiratory muscles

48
Q

pulmonary changes Leads to increase in _ and _

A

residual volume, Functional Residual Capacity

49
Q

is the air thats left thats not part
of the gas exchange

A

residual capacity

50
Q

for GI, there will be appetite and energy intake

51
Q

Decreased appetite and energy intake leads to _

A

malnutrition

52
Q

Smell and taste sensation may

53
Q

Smell and taste sensation may decrease which leads to _

A

loss of enjoyment from eating

54
Q

there is also gastric compliance

55
Q

Decreased gastric compliance leads to _ and _

A

early satiety and
prolonged postprandial satiety

56
Q

decreased gastric compliance means _

A

Decreased ability of the stomach to expand

57
Q

Early satiety meaning

A

gets full fast

58
Q

Postprandial meaning

A

fullness after eating

59
Q

decreased production of stomach acid

A

Hypochlorhydria

60
Q

Hypochlorhydria can lead to _ in _

A

bacterial overgrowth, Small intestine

61
Q

There is a normal gut microbiome in the _ _ _

A

mouth, stomach, and intestines

62
Q

There is a _ in the mouth, stomach, and intestines

A

normal gut microbiome

63
Q

t or f When there is an imbalance/overgrowth in this microbiome,
this will result in different kinds of diseases dt overgrowth

64
Q

Hypochlorhydria can also lead to impaired absorption of _ _ _ _ _

A

vit. B12, calcium, iron, zinc, folic acid

65
Q

for the GI tract, there is also in cholecystokinin and _

A

inc, leptin

66
Q

Increase in cholecystokinin and leptin will lead to

A

suppressed appetite

67
Q

GENITOURINARY: in renal mass

68
Q

GENITOURINARY: in RBF

69
Q

decreased RBF will lead to _

A

decrease in GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

70
Q

Impaired water balance for genitoruinary t or f

71
Q

Impaired water balance leads to _

A

water loss

72
Q

there is also urinanry incontinence for aging pts t or f

73
Q

for endocrine there is hormone secretion and
tissue responsiveness

74
Q

what hormones will be decreased

A

Decreased testosterone, hGH, insulin-like growth factor
(anabolic hormones)

75
Q

Decreased testosterone, hGH, insulin-like growth factor
(anabolic hormones) leads to _

A

impaired muscle fiber protein
synthesis

76
Q

impaired muscle fiber protein
synthesis can lead to _

A

sarcopenia

77
Q

endocrine: glucose tolerance

78
Q

endocrine: estrogen

79
Q

Decreased estrogen will lead to _ and _

A

collagen loss & thinning of skin

80
Q

Bone loss leads to _ and _

A

osteopenia & osteoporosis

81
Q

bone loss is prone to menopausal women t or f

82
Q

skin changes are caused by _ and _

A

Caused by normal aging and environmental factors

83
Q

there will be thinning of _

84
Q

SKIN: cell replacement

85
Q

for the skin, immune response and wound healing never changes t or f

A

f, Impaired immune response and wound healing

86
Q

moisture content, elasticity, blood supply, sensory sensitivity

87
Q

Decreased moisture content, elasticity, blood supply, sensory sensitivity
will be more prone to wounds t or f

88
Q

risk of skin disorders and injury

mski (28 decks)

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