SPECONLEC_S1_L2 - 1-36-2 Flashcards
1
Q
Most common cause of burns in children
A
Scalds from hot liquids
2
Q
Most common cause of burns in children AGE
A
1-5 yo
3
Q
Most common cause of burns in adolescents and adults
A
Accidents from hot liquids
4
Q
Most common cause of burns in adolescents and adults AGE GENDER
A
Male 16-40
5
Q
Leading cause of burns in other age groups
A
Fires in homes and structural dwellings
6
Q
Burns common cause of death
A
Inhalation injury
7
Q
Burns: THREE age groups most commonly involved
A
<1yr (24%), 2-14yrs(25%), 25-44yrs(25%)
8
Q
most common type of burn
A
scale burns
9
Q
Majority were treated __ hours of the injury (89%)
A
24
10
Q
Most common cause of death was ____ (40%)
A
MOSD
11
Q
What percent: fatality rate
A
9%
12
Q
What percent: Majority were treated 24 hours of the injury
A
89%
13
Q
What percent: death by MOSD
A
40%
14
Q
What percent: scale burns
A
43%
15
Q
3 Significant factors associated with mortality included
A
1) % TBSA, 2) Inhalation injury, 3) Involvement of head, LE, perineum
16
Q
3 medical conditions that are risk for burns
A
epilepsy, peripheral neurophathies, physical and cognitive disabilities
17
Q
Risk factors for burns
A
Occupations that increase exposure to fire;
Poverty, overcrowding, and lack of safety measures;
Placement of young girls in household roles;
Underlying medical conditions;
Alcohol abuse and smoking;
Easy access for chemicals used for assault;
Use of kerosene as a fuel source for non-electric domestic appliances;
Inadequate safety measures for liquefied petroleum gas and electricity
18
Q
Fuel source used for non electric domestic appliances
A
Kerosene
19
Q
Risk factor: Inadequate safety measures for liquefied ________ gas and electricity
A
petroleum
20
Q
Initial physical finding: direct thermal injury is confined to the ___ & ____
A
face & upper airway
21
Q
Initial physical finding: _____ injury is confined to the face & upper airway
A
direct thermal
22
Q
3 main INITIAL physical finding
A
1) facial burns, 2) burned nasal hairs, 3) soot in nares & mouth
23
Q
Bronchial Cast: Accrued ________ can cause obstruction of distal airways contributing to ventilation perfusion mismatching & secondary infection
A
endobronchial debris & exudate
24
Q
Bronchial Cast: Accrued endobronchial debris & exudate can cause obstruction of (proximal OR distal) airways contributing to ventilation perfusion mismatching & secondary infection
A
distal
25
Bronchial Cast: Accrued endobronchial debris & exudate can cause obstruction of distal airways contributing to (2)?
ventilation perfusion mismatching & secondary infection
26
Bronchoscopic view aerosolized chemicals & combustion can deposit through where (2)?
subglottic airways and lungs
27
Bronchoscopic findings include (4)?
mucosal irritatio, pallor, ulceration, carbonaceous debris
28
Facial burn (6) contributes to morbidity & mortality?
anoxia, carbon moxodie, cyanide, inflammation, airway obstruction, infection
29
PH facts: number of fires in 2010-2012
883
30
PH facts: 43% of fires occurred at what months of the year
first 4 months
31
PH facts: what time is its highest incidence
12:01-3:00am
32
PH facts: most common cause (2)
Faulty Electrical Wiring and neglected open flames
33
PH facts:most common areas affected
residential areas
34
PH facts: Worst fire in Philippine history
Ozone disco fire
35
largest organ
skin
36
4 functions of the skin (PRPS)
1) Protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection, 2) Regulation of body temperature, 3) Storage of water and fat, 4) Prevents entry of bacteria
37
The skin serves as a protection for (4)?
heat, light, infection, injury
38
Skin layer: the surface or outer layer which serves as a barrier between our body and the environment
Epidermis
39
Epidermis role
serves as a barrier between our body and the environment
40
5 Layers of the skin
Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, germinativum/basale
41
what layer of the skin is the Stratum corneum
1st
42
what layer of the skin is the Stratum lucidum
2nd
43
what layer of the skin is the Stratum granulosum
3rd
44
what layer of the skin is the Stratum spinosum
4th
45
what layer of the skin is the Stratum germinativum / basale
5th
46
EPIDERMIS LAYER: made of keratinocytes & squamous layer
lucidum granulosum
47
EPIDERMIS LAYER: contains cells that enable epidermis to regenerate
basale
48
EPIDERMIS LAYER: hardened layer
corneum
49
EPIDERMIS LAYER:waterproof characteristic
corneum
50
EPIDERMIS LAYER: contains melanocytes - pigments
basale
51
EPIDERMIS LAYER:have lamellar granules
granulosum
52
EPIDERMIS LAYER:dead keratinocytes
corneum
53
EPIDERMIS LAYER: keratinocytes & langerhans cells
spinosum
54
EPIDERMIS LAYER: where cell division happens
basale
55
EPIDERMIS LAYER: helps with production of cells
basale
56
Layer of skin beneath the epidermis
dermis
57
dermis is __times thicker
20-30x
58
Skin layer: Contains epidermal appendages
dermis
59
Skin layer: Comprised mainly of interwoven collagen and elastin fibers
dermis
60
dermis contains?
epidermal appendages
61
dermis is comprised mainly of (2)?
interwoven collagen & elastin fibers
62
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: thin arrangement of collagen fibers
P
63
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: thick arrangement of collagen fibers
R
64
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: denser
R
65
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: supplies nutrients and regulates temperature
P
66
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: strengthens the skin & provides structure, elasticity
R
67
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: has BVs
P
68
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: thin extensive vascular system
P
69
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: supports hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaseous glands
R
70
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: contriction & expansion
P
71
PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: arranged parallel
R
72
(epi/dermi/hypo) BVs, nerves, lymph vessels, hair follicles
Hypodermis/Subdermis
73
2 layers of dermis
papillary & reticular layer
74
location & function: free nerve endings
epidermis dermis = pain & itch
75
location & function: merkerl's disks
epidermis (s. spinosum) = touch
76
location & function: meissner's corpuscles
papillary dermis = touch
77
what receptor: epidermis dermis = pain & itch
free nerve endings
78
what receptor: epidermis (s. spinosum) = touch
merkel's disk
79
what receptor: papillary dermis = touch
meissner's corpuscles
80
location & function: ruffini's endings
papillary dermis = warm receptors
81
location & function: krause end bulb
papillary dermis = cold receptors
82
location & function: pacinian corpuscles
reticular dermis = pressure & vibration
83
what receptor: papillary dermis = warm receptors
ruffini's endings
84
what receptor: papillary dermis = cold receptors
krause end bulbs
85
what receptor: reticular dermis = pressure & vibration
pacinian corpuscles
86
Skin layer: Lies below the dermis
Hypodermis/Subdermis
87
Skin layer: It consists of loose connective tissue and elastin
Hypodermis/Subdermis
88
Skin layer: Fat serves as padding and insulation for the body
Hypodermis/Subdermis
89
Hypodermis/Subdermis consists of (2)?
connective tissue & elastin
90
Hypodermis/Subdermis fat serves as (3)?
padding, shock absorber & insulation for the body
91
usually injury pattern: Alteration of ______ → Edema → LOM
vascular integrity
92
MOI: Alteration of vascular integrity → ______→ LOM
Edema
93
MOI: Alteration of vascular integrity → Edema → _____
LOM
94
Skin destruction will depend on (4)?
temperature, length of time, type of insult (Flame, liquid, chemical, electrical), extremes of age
95
4 types of insult in skin destruction
Flame, liquid, chemical, electrical
96
type of MOI: 70% of burns in children , Spilling hot drinks/liquid, hot water in baths , Cause superficial to superficial dermal burns
Scalds
97
Scalds __% in children
70
98
MOI that cause spilling hot drinks/liquid, hot water in baths
Scalds
99
MOI that cause superficial to superficial dermal burns
Scalds
100
type of MOI: 50% of adult burns, Associated with inhalation injury and other concomitant trauma, Deep or full thickness
Flame
101
Flame __% in adults
50
102
Flame MOI is associated with (2)?
inhalation injury & concomitant trauma
103
MOI that is associated with inhalation injury & concomitant trauma
flame
104
MOI that is associated wit deep or full thickness
flame
105
MOI: The depth of heat injury depends on the degree of heat exposure and depth of heat penetration ; Deep dermal or full thickness
Contact
106
Thermal burns is divided into (3)
Scalds, flame, contact
107
contact thermal birns depend on (2)
degree of heat exposure and depth of penetration
108
most devastating type of MOI
electrical burns
109
MOI that has an electric current that will travel through the body from one point to another, creating "entry" or "exit" points
electrical burns
110
MOI that varies according to: (1) Type of current, (2) Intensity of the current, (3) Area of the body that the current passes through
electrical burns
111
electrical burns vary accordingto (3)?
type of current, intensity of current, area ofbody that current pass through
112
RANK 1-7: bone
1
113
RANK 1-7: cartilage
2
114
RANK 1-7: tendon
3
115
RANK 1-7: skin
4
116
RANK 1-7: muscle
5
117
RANK 1-7: blood
6
118
RANK 1-7: nerve
7
119
Two types of electrical burns
low & high voltage electrical burns
120
type of electrical burn: Exposure to 500-1000 volts of current
low voltage current
121
type of electrical burn: v fib
low voltage current
122
type of electrical burn: Greater than 1000 volts
high voltage current
123
type of electrical burn: Apnea, deep tissue destruction, renal failure
high voltage current
124
type of electrical burn: divided into true & flash
high voltage current
125
high voltage current number of volts
>1000
126
low voltage current number of volts
500-1000
127
choose: (flash/true) high tension injury that has current that pass through the patient
TRUE
128
choose: (flash/true) high tension injury that has current arcs, no current goes through patient
flash
129
MOI: Extensive muscle and soft tissue necrosis often result in amputation
Electrical burns
130
electrical burns is most common in (UE/LE) & (Left/Right)
R UE
131
(High/Low) voltage: PNS and CNS problems may not be present initially but may occur late after
high voltage current
132
True or False PNS and CNS problems may not be present initially but may occur late after
TRUE
133
In electrical burns, lightning results to (2)? - pathy
myelopathy & encephalopathy
134
In electrical burns, lightning results to (2)? - hearing loss
sensorineural & mechanical hearing loss
135
In electrical burns, (2) ocular complications are?
catarcts & macular holes
136
type of burn that has 8 cardiac manifestations
Electrical burns
137
acronym for 8 cardiac manifestations after electrical burns
PMDASINC
138
8 cardiac manifestations after electrical burns (PMDASINC)
Immediate cardiac arrest,
Pseudo infarction,
Myocardial ischemia without necrosis,
Dysrhythmia ,
Conduction abnormalities,
Acute hypertension,
Nonspecific ECG abnormalities,
Sinus tachycardia
139
8 other manifestations of electrical burns (DIECBRLI)
Diaphragm paralysis,
Inhibition of the breathing centers in the midbrain,
Extensive fluid loss,
Loss of consciousness,
Impaired recall and PTSD,
Blood clotting ,
Compartment syndrome ,
Rhabdomyolysis
140
(exit/entry) wound is more devastating in electrical burns
exit
141
in electrical injury, this is a manifestation where there is degredation of muscles loss
rhabdomyolisis
