PEDIALEC_S1_L1 - 1-3 Flashcards
purpose of history taking in pedia: (6)
Estimate a child’s motor performance in comparison to peers
Determine discrepancies between fine and gross motor abilities
Study motor development in children
Study the effectiveness of motor interventions
Evaluate progress
Assist in goal development
Usual observations/complaints include
delayed grasping of objects, delays in speech
are used for assessment and provision of treatment;
this will serve as PT’s “bread and butter” especially
for pedia patients along with reflexes
Developmental milestones
You need to evaluate the progression of the
child’s management, which is done through_
re-evaluation
No need to include __ in re-evaluation notes
No need to include HPI in re-evaluation notes
t or f Objective, assessment, and management can be
changed based on the re-evaluation
t
t or f When interviewing the parent, only focus on the parent to get
all the necessary details, then in the objective exam, you can focus on the child.
f, When interviewing the parent, observe the child, identify how the child is
acting, whether he/she is playful, calm, strong, explorative, adventurous
t or f During the subjective part, it is not possible to
assess the child while interviewing the parent especially when they are playing
f, During the subjective part, it is possible to assess the child while interviewing the parent especially when they are playing
t or f the more structured their environment is, the more playful kids are
f the more structured their environment is, the less playful they are
The estimated number of children with disabilities between
_ and _ years ranges between _ million and _ million
0 and 18, 93 and 150
t or f In the US, 1 out of 6, or about 15%, of children aged 3 through
17 years have a two or more developmental disabilities
f, one or more developmental disabilities
In the Philippines, for every _ PWD, 1 of them is a child with disability or _ M
7, 5.1
t or f raising a child with disabilities in the Philippines would entail the
same expenditures as raising a child without disabilities.
f, raising a child with disabilities in the Philippines would entail expenditures 40 to 80 percent higher compared to raising a child without disabilities.
how many PWDs across the country
325000
how many PWDs don’t have PWD ids
1.27 million children
_ in every five children with disabilities do not
have a PWD ID card.
one
t or f Rehab doctor used to endorse pts, but now PTs
and OTs can endorse
t
Teachers for special education should only
handle how many students
8 to 10
Necessary skills a PT should have to formulate the right objective examination
interpesronal skills
clinical reasoning skills
medical surgical and PT knowledge
major headings in subjective (8)
general information
birth history
maternal history
prenatal history
perinatal history
postnatal history
developmental milestones
subjective (c/c, pt goal)
in general infor, what should u put?
Name of pediatric pt, age, sex, birthday, date of
IE, Dx, Physician-in-charge/referring doctor, precautions
t or f When documenting the age of the child – include the fractional representation
(e.g… 2 y/o and 6/12 mos if the kid is a newborn up to maturity period)
t
If the kid is at gestational period, how will you document the age
use weeks
Parent/caregiver is labeled as “_”
and must still be included in _ assessment
informant, subjective
Do not call it a “baby” when it is still in the womb,
instead, call him/her a “_”
fetus
Use the term “_” when they are born
newborn
Refer to the patient by their first name t or f
t
Precautions that are commonly seen among
pediatric patients that PTs may encounter in the patient’s chart are:
biting
throwing objects
seizure episodes
medical attachment esp NICU patients
down syndrome pts
In pts with down syndrome, what are they not allowed to do and why??
In pts with down syndrome, they are not
allowed excessive physical activity d/t ↑
laxity of joints
what should you put in Birth History?
AOG (Assessment of Gestational Age)
GP (FPAL)
NATURE OF DELIVERY
Manner of presentation
manner of presentations can be
cephalic, breech, transverse
Pre-term, full term (36-40 weeks), post-term: what is this under
brth histroy –> assessment of gestational age
Take note when was the _of the
mother since this is when the age of gestation of the
child starts
last menstrual cycle
if the mother does not remember LMP, what should u do?
May check the ultrasound of the mother since the
gestational age of the child can be found there
the no. of preganncies is termed as
Gravida
no. of births p 20 wks is termed as
para
t or f para is the number of births a 20 weeks
f, no. of births p 20 wks
wwhat week is considered full term
Full term (37 to 40 wks)
premature is what week
<37 wks
nature of delivery can be (3)
● Natural spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD)
● Cesarean section (CS)
● Forceps extraction/assisted
it considered abortion or miscarriage in what week
Abortions & miscarriages before 20 wks
FIVE DIGIT SYSTEM (GTPAL)
● G – total no. of pregnancies
● T – Full-Term Pregnancies (37 to 40 wks)
● P – Preterm deliveries
● A – Abortions & miscarriages before 20 wks
● L – Living children
case#1: A mother got pregnant 5 times. The eldest were twins and were born full
term. The next two pregnancies were unsuccessful – one only reached
12 weeks while the other only reached 24 weeks.
The 4th pregnancy was successful though the child was born at 7 mos.
The youngest was born healthy and at 41 weeks.
How do you document the GPFPAL?
G5P4 (F2P2A1L4)
how do you document the gen info?
This is the case of (pt’s initial), a (age), (sex), born @ (AOG) to a (age of mother)
GP(F,P,A,L) mother via (nature of delivery and manner of presentation) @ (place of delivery) assisted by (MD, midwife, etc.)
in maternal hx, what would you ask?
if mother is Diabetic, hypertensive, smoker, alcoholic beverage drinker
in prenatal hx, what would you ask?
Drugs taken by the mother, illness, trauma/accident, exposure to radiation,
wanted vs. unwanted pregnancy, presence & and frequency of prenatal care), immunologic factors
Exposure to infections belongs to what subj heading
prenatal hx
what infection should we ask in prenatal hx?
STORCH
storch means
(syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex)
Mothers should minimize exposure to cat’s feces and consumption of
raw food as it may lead to _
toxoplasmosis
t or f immunologic factors of the mother belong in the maternal hx
f, prenatal hx
ask the blood type of the mother; also the Rh factor if positive or negative.
what information is this?
immunologic factors
Ask the mother the practices she has before her pregnancy. this info belongs in _
prenatal hx
Ask if the mother took unprescribed medicines;
also ask for her habits/hobbies before she was pregnant. this belongs in _
prenatal hx
Different kinds of what med can cause the child to have developmental delay
antibiotics
Check if mother experienced any levels of radiation such as exposure to x-rays.
this is perinatal hx. t or f
f, prenatal hx
Check for the presence of hyperbilirubinemia since it is common in __. this info
belongs in what heading?
athetoid CP,
checking for hyperbilirubinemia is part of the perinatal hx t or f
f, part of prenatal hx
caused by the destruction of neonatal red blood
cells by maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
checking for erythroblastosis fetalis is part of what heading in subj
prenatal hx
Histological Layers:
ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm is composed of _ _ _
brain, teeth, skin
endoderm is composed of _ _ _
hollow tubes, esophagus, GI
tract
mesoderm is _
vascular system
If mother is exposed to any diseases,
the first to be affected is the _
ectoderm
Delivery precautions is what subjective heading:
Perinatal history
Hours of labor is in postnatal hx t or f
f, perinatal hx
normal duration of labor is _
less than 16 hrs of labor
if more than 16 hrs of labor, what to do
CS - cesarean section
Complications during delivery (cord coil,
cyanotic, meconium staining, placenta previa, feto-pelvic disproportion) – part of?
perinatal hx
complications during delivery:
cord coil,
cyanotic, meconium staining, placenta previa, feto-pelvic disproportion)
the placenta attaches low in the uterus. what condition?
placenta previa
in perinatal hx, what would you ask?
APGAR
Hours of labor
delivery precautions
complications
The Apgar score comprises five components:
1) color
2) heart rate
3) reflexes
4) muscle tone
5) respiration
how to score in apgar
0, 1, or 2.
quantitates clinical signs of neonatal depression
APGAR
signs of neonatal depression (5)
cyanosis or pallor
bradycardia
depressed reflex response to stimulation
hypotonia
apnea or gasping respirations.
APGAR score reported when:
1 minute and 5 minutes after birth for all infants
for infants with a score less than 7, how would u report the apgar
at 5-minute intervals thereafter until 20 minutes
highest apgar score is
10
lowest apgar score
0
Normal apgar ranges from
7-10
May require some resuscitative measures. what apgar score?
4-7
Require immediate resuscitative measures. what apgar score?
<3
if inside womb, what’s it called
fetus
if outside womb, what’s it callled
infant
