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SPECONLEC_S1_L2 - 1st (37-72) Flashcards

1
Q

Usually as a result of an industrial accident

A

Chemical Burns

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2
Q

Chemical Burns may occur with _____

A

househol chemical products

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3
Q

chemical burns are usually as a result of an ____

A

industrial accident

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4
Q

In chemical burns, ___ is greater than (>) __ products

A

alkali; acidic

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5
Q

alkali products cause a severe injury called ____

A

liquefactive necrosis

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6
Q

liquefactive necrosis results in (2) in adipose tissue and proteins

A

denaturing of proteins & saponification of adipose tissue

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7
Q

Inhalation injuries are classified as __, __, or __

A

carbon monoxide poisoning, heat, or smoke inhalation injuries

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8
Q

Inhalation injuries account for more than ____ of the burn related deaths per year

A

half

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9
Q

are classified as carbon monoxide poisoning, heat, or smoke inhalation injuries

A

inhalation injuries

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10
Q

one of the leading causes of death

A

inhalation injuries

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11
Q

carbon monoxide is bad because it is associated with ___ that impedes blood’s ability to carry oxygen to body tissues and vital organs to produce ATP

A

hemoglobin

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12
Q

Signs of inhalation injuries (HARCH FSH)

A

Facial burn
Singed nasal burn
Harsh cough
Hoarseness
Abnormal breath sounds
Respiratory distress
Carbonaceous sputum
Hypoxemia

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13
Q

burns to the airway can cause ___ that blocks the ___ into the lungs

A

swelling; flow of air

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14
Q

In pathophysiology, what is under the local response?

A
  1. zone of coagulation
  2. zone of stasis
  3. zone of hyperemia
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15
Q

Occurs at the point of maximum damage

A

zone of coagulation

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16
Q

outermost zone

A

zone of hyperemia

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17
Q

decreased tissue perfusion

A

zone of tissue

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18
Q

Zone of coagulation has IRREVERSIBLE ___ ___

A

tissue loss

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19
Q

Goal of zone of stasis

A

increase perfusion

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20
Q

In zone of hyperemia, tissue will recover unless there is __ __

A

severe sepsis

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21
Q

Pathophysiological Changes During Hypermetabolic/Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn (>48 hrs) in the brain

A
  1. Altered mental status
  2. Cerebral Edema
  3. Inc. Pain Response
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22
Q

Pathophysiological Changes During Hypermetabolic/Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn (>48 hrs) in the heart & circulation

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Inc. cardiac index
  3. Subclinical myocardial dysfunction
  4. Echocardiogram (Altered contractility)
  5. Inc SvO2
  6. Dec SVR
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23
Q

Pathophysiological Changes During Hypermetabolic/Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn (>48 hrs) in the kidney

A
  1. Inc golmerular filtration rate
  2. Dec tubular function
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24
Q

Pathophysiological Changes During Hypermetabolic/Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn (>48 hrs) in the lungs + inhalation injury

A
  1. Pulmonary Edema
  2. Bronchospasm, bronchorrhea
  3. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
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25
Q

Pathophysiological Changes During Hypermetabolic/Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn (>48 hrs) in the Liver

A
  1. Altered metabolic function
  2. Altered drug tolerance
  3. Fatty liver
  4. Inc live blood flow
  5. Inc gluconeogenesis
  6. Dec coagulation factors
  7. Albuminemia
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26
Q

Pathophysiological Changes During Hypermetabolic/Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn (>48 hrs) in the bone marrow

A
  1. Dec Hematopoiesis
  2. Anemia
  3. Immunoparesis
  4. Osteoporosis
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27
Q

Pathophysiological Changes During Hypermetabolic/Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn (>48 hrs) in the systemic inflammatory response

A
  1. High energy expenditure (Inc O2 consumption and Inc CO2 production)
  2. Muscle catabolism
  3. Insulin resistance- hyperglycemia
  4. Persistence of generalized edema with >25% body burn
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28
Q

T or F: Hypermatabolic or Hyperdynamic Phase of Burn can also lead to altered pharmacological responses

A

T

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29
Q

Old Burn Classification

A
  1. First Degree
  2. Second Degree
  3. Third Degree
  4. Fourth Degree
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30
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Red and sometimes painful

A

1st

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31
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Epidermis and dermis

A

3rd

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32
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Extend into skin and underlying tissues

A

4th

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33
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Epidermis and parts of the dermis

A

2nd

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34
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Epidermis

A

1st

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35
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Very painful

A

2nd

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36
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Whitish, charred or translucent

A

3rd

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37
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Deep and potentially life-threatening

A

4th

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38
Q

Identify Burn Degree: No pin prick sensation on burned area

A

3rd

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39
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Skin may be red and blistered and swollen

A

2nd

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40
Q

Identify Burn Degree: Superficial Injury

A

1st

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41
Q

New Burn Classification

A

Epidermal
Superficial Partial Thickness Burn
Deep Partial Thickness Burn
Full thickness Burn
Subdermal Burn

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42
Q

New Burn: Cell damage only to the epidermis

A

Epidermal

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43
Q

Appearance of skin in epidermal burns

A

red or erythematous

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44
Q

Texture or quality of skin surface in epidermal

A

dry

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45
Q

T or F: Blisters are common in epidermal burns

A

F, ABSENT BLISTERS!

46
Q

State or level of edema in epidermal burns

47
Q

Epidermal burns have a delay in the development of __

48
Q

Epidermal burns peels off and desquamates in how many days?

49
Q

T or F: Epidermal burns have spontaneous healing but there will be a scar tissue

A

F, they have spontaneous healing BUT NO SCAR TISSUE

50
Q

Superficial Partial Thickness Burn has its ___ into the ___ layer of dermis

A

epidermis; papillary

51
Q

T or F: Superficial Partial Thickness Burn has (+) intact blisters

52
Q

T or F: There is presence of blanching in superficial partial thickness burn

53
Q

State or level of erythema in Superficial Partial Thickness Burn

54
Q

Level of pain in superficial partial thickness burn

A

extremely painful

55
Q

Superficial Partial Thickness Burn undergo ___d/t effects of __

A

desquamation; topical agents

56
Q

Days for healing od superficial partial thickness burn

57
Q

Superficial Partial Thickness Burn will have residual skin ___ owing to destruction of ___

A

color change; melanocytes

58
Q

Level of scarring in superficial partial thickness burn

59
Q

Layers and other structures affected in deep partial thickness burns

A

epidermis and papillary dermis with damage to reticular dermal layer

60
Q

Most of the __, __, __ will be injured in deep partial thickness burns

A

nerve endings, hair follicles and sweat ducts

61
Q

What is the color of deep partial thickness burns

A

mixed or waxy white

62
Q

T or F: there is edema in deep partial thickness burns

63
Q

State of edema in deep partial thickness burns

A

marked edema

64
Q

deep partial thickness burns has large amount of ___ loss (__ to __ times)

A

evaporative water (15-20x)

65
Q

deep partial thickness burns has diminished sensation to __ or ___ but retains __

A

light touch; sharp/dull discrimination; deep pressure

66
Q

How does healing occur in deep partial thickness burns?

A

heals in 3-5 weeks IF NOT INFECTED

67
Q

Kind of scar formation in deep partial thickness burns

A

hypertrophic scar formation

68
Q

Epidermal and dermal layers completely destroyed

A

full thickness burns

69
Q

What finding is seen in full thickness burn?

70
Q

What is eschar?

A

Hard, parchment like, black/brown covering the area

71
Q

In full thickness burns, __ are completely destroyed

A

hair follicles

72
Q

In full thickness burns, all __ are destroyed

A

nerve endings

73
Q

Full thickness burns cause damage to the ___

A

peripheral vascular system

74
Q

Complete destruction of all tissue from the epidermis to the subcutaneous tissue

A

subdermal burn

75
Q

In subdermal burn, muscle and bone are subject to __ when burned

76
Q

subdermal burn occurs with prolonged contact with a __ and routinely occurs in a result of contact with __

A

heat source; electricity

77
Q

New Classification of First Degree

78
Q

New Classification of Second Degree

A

Sueprfical Partial Thickness; Deep Partial Thickness

79
Q

New Classification of Third Degree

A

Full thickness

80
Q

New Classification of Fourth Degree

81
Q

Level of Epidermal

82
Q

Level of superificial partial thickness

83
Q

Level of third degree

A

all of dermis and epidermis

84
Q

Level of Fourth Degree

A

extends to the bone, muscle and tendon

85
Q

Edema in superficial partial thickness burns?

A

moderate, blanches with pressure

86
Q

Edema in deep partial thickness burns?

87
Q

Edema in first degree burns

A

Minimal, Blanches with pressure

88
Q

Color of superficial partial thickness

A

Bright pink, or red, mottled red

89
Q

Color of first degree burn

A

Pink or Red

90
Q

Color of deep partial thickness

A

mixed red, waxy white

91
Q

Color of Fourth degree or subdemal burn

92
Q

Color of full thickness burn

A

White (ischemic)

Charred, black/brown

93
Q

Blisters in 1st degree

A

No blisters

94
Q

Blisters in deep partial thickness

A

broken blisters

95
Q

blisters in superficial partial thickness

A

intact blisters

96
Q

Pain in deep partial thickness

A

/ Pressure

X light touch and pinprick

97
Q

Third degree pain

A

anesthetic

98
Q

First degree pain

A

delayed, tender

99
Q

superficial partial thickness pain

A

very painful

100
Q

Pain in subdermal burn

A

anesthetic

101
Q

Scar level in epidermal burns

102
Q

Scar level in third degree

103
Q

Scar level in deep partial thickness

A

excessive scarring

104
Q

scar level in superficial partial thickness

A

minimal scarring

105
Q

scar level in 4th degree

106
Q

Healing in deep partial thickness

107
Q

Healing in full thickness

A

skin grafting required

108
Q

Healing in 4th degree

A

skin grafting required

109
Q

Healing in epidermal burns

A

spontaneous

110
Q

Healing in superficial partial thickness

A

spontaneous

mski (28 decks)

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