PEDIALEC_S1_L2 - P1-P3 Flashcards
Increase in physical size and dimension relative to maturity
growth
increase in the quality, complexity, and functional improvement over time
development
pertains to the skills of pediatric pt
development
focuses on the physical attributes
growth
TorF: body follows a cephalocaudal development
T
TorF: head growth is fastest in infancy and adolescence
F, infancy lang
TorF: extremity growth is fastest at 1yr old
F, fastest in 1yr to PUBERTY
Growth fastest in infance
head growth
Growth fastest in infancy & adolescents
trunk growth
Growth fastes in 1yr to puberty
extremities
TorF:Newborns have relatively large head, flat abdomen, short trunk & extremities
F, have PROMINENT abdomen
TorF: Infants have poor trunk & pelvic control if they have poor head control
T
Hand placement for newborns in supine
One hand in occiput area, pne hand in pelvis
Hand placement for infants in sitting
One hand on pelvis & trunk
TorF:For pts c down syndrome, they have lax ligaments
T
TorF: obj ax for adults & pedia is the same
F
Adult Obj Ax
VOPARMS (VS, OI, Palpation, Anthropometric Measurement, ROM, MMT, Sensory Ax)
Pediatric Obj Ax unique features(3)
Behavior, Sensorimotor, & Sensoriperceptual ax
TorF: In pedia obj ax, tone is documented under palpation
F, under sensorimotor
TorF: ROM, MMT, and Tone is documented under sensorimotor
T
N temp for newborns
37-37.6°C
N temp for 3 y/o
36.9-37.5°C
N temp for 10 y/o
36.4-37°C
N temp for 16 y/o
36.4-37.1°C
N PR for newborn
70-190
N PR for 3 y/o
80-125
N PR for 10 y/o
70-110
N PR for 16y/o
55-100
N RR for newborn
25-50
N RR for 3 y/o
20-30
N RR for 10 y/o
16-22
N RR for 16 y/o
15-20
N BP for newborm
50/25-52/30
N BP for 3 y/o
78/46-114/78
N BP for 10 y/o
90/56-120/84
N BP for 16 y/o
104/60-120/84
Pulse site for pediatric pulse rate ax
Brachial artery
Formula for getting pulse rate for hyperactive kids
Get PR for 10 secs X 6
Formula for getting respiratory rate for hyperactive kids
Get RR for 10 secs X 6
Landmark for taking BP
upper arm brachial artery
Unique manner of arrival for pediatrician pts
Mother-borne (buhat ng mother)
Stroller-borne (pinasok sa clinic via stroller)
body built components
weight, level pf nourishment
height, level of development
poorly nourished
ectomorph
fairly nourished
mesomorph
well nourished
endomorph
Average weight at birth
3400gm - 3500 gm
Average weight by 5 mos
double the birth weight
by 12 mos
triple the birth weight
until adolescent
2kg annually
Ex: JP weighs 3400gm at birth, what is his weight by 5 mos?
6800 gm
Weight is affcted by?
genetic factirs & lifestyle (nutrition)
Adolescent weight inc by 5kg every yr
F, 2kg
Height is fixed.
F, can also be affected by genetic factors & lifestyle
N height at birth
50 cm
by 12 mos
75 cm
by 4 yrs
100 cm
Early school age to adolescence height inc by 2cm per yr
F, 5cm
By 1 y/o, height inc by how many %?
50%
By 4 y/o, height inc by how many %?
100%
poorly developed
didnt achieve devt milestone at right age
fairly developed
achieved devt milestone, but didnt master
well developed
devt milestone is at par c age
Head circumferencd average for newborn
34-35cm
Average weight for newborn
3400-3500 gm
head corcumfernce measurement landmarks
glabella and supraorbital ridges anterioly, occipital protuberance posteriorly
macrocephalic
> 35 cm
normocephalic
35cm
microcephalic
< 35cm
N birth head circumference
34-35cm
by 4 mos
41 cm (add 6)
by 12 mos
47 cm (add 6)
maturity
57 cm (add 10)
macrocephaly can be d/t what conditiom?
hydrocephalus
fontanelle that closes first
posterior fontanelle
by what month doesmthe posterior fomtanelle close?
4-6 mos
anterior fontanelle closure
9-12 mos
thumb imside fist
cortical thumb
deviation to one side
listing
seen in pts c athetosis or CP
hand spooning (di q alam ano to)
seen in pts c down syndrome
simian crease
LLD
Leg length discrepancy
BODY PROPORTION OF NEWBORN INFANT
● Head relatively larger
● Rounder face & smaller mandible
● Rounder chest
● Prominent abdomen
● Shorter extremities
last ones to fuse
and is expected to fuse by 18 mos
Anterior fontanelle
expected to fuse
by 1⁄2 month
Posterior fontanelle
If the fontanelles appears soft beyond the
expected timeline, this may be indicative of __
hydrocephalus
PALPATION (8)
Patency of fontanelles (ant. and post.)
Subluxation/dislocation
● Nodules
● Edema
● MS spasm
● Crepitations
● MS guarding
● Tenderness
Anterior neuropore failure to close
anencephaly
Posterior neuropore failure to close
spina bifida
mother is given what to prevent spina bifida
folic acid
BEHAVIOR
play behavior
general behavior
eye contact
response to strangers
stereotypic/autistic like behavior
attention span
concentration span
frustration tolerance
impulse control
Solitary, dual, group
PLAY BEHAVIOR
The most important objective assessment is gross motor skills t or f
f, behavior
Observing play or observation of the child during an
activity is a crucial part in the _
development
Attentive, cooperative, cries, passive, hyperactive, manipulative
(cries all the time), % of time and/or activities
GENERAL BEHAVIOR
whenever you make a sound, child will
react to a stimulus, this is for toddlers t or f
f, for newborns
whenever you call the child’s name, check
for response, this is for toddlers t or f
t
what characteristic is it when a child cries all the time
Hyperactive/manipulative children will cry all the time
t or f general behvaior can be noted accdg to percents
t
t or f do not make estimate of the time the pt
was responsive or indicate approximate percentage of child’s attention bc this is innacurate
f
eye contact can be:
Duration, meaningful, non-meaningful, fleeting
what you measure to check if pt has good focus
eye contact
/when a child is fleeting what does it mean
child is easily distracted
RESPONSE TO STRANGERS:
poisitve or negative separation anxiety
Self injurious
STEREOTYPIC/AUTISTIC-LIKE BEHAVIOR
Amount of time a patient can sustain an activity (time-based)
ATTENTION SPAN
Good duration based on age if 18-23 mos:
1min&20secs
Good duration based on age if 2-3 yo:
3 mins
Good duration based on age if 9-10 yo:
45 - 60 mins
Good duration based on age if adults:
1hr 30mins
Lesser than the suggested time frame indicates a _ attention span
poor
t or f attention span is observed during the objective assessment
f, Observed during the entirety of an activity
Amount of time that the patient can do the activity w/o being distracted
CONCENTRATION SPAN
CONCENTRATION SPAN grade: Unable to return to task even c prompting
poor
CONCENTRATION SPAN grade: Not distracted or can easily return to task s prompting
good
CONCENTRATION SPAN grade: able to return to task c prompting
fair
t or f concentration is Relative to a _
specific part of the evaluation
t or f For younger pts, it is better to not prolong the tx too much d/t their attention span
t
