S1_L2_MSKI - 4-7 Flashcards by Andre Neri Valencia

NEUROIMAGING CT scan (2)

structural
functional

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Demonstrate microanatomy and macroanatomy of the brain

● Structural Imaging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Displays the activity of the brain based on
metabolic activity

● Functional Imaging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Usually given a contrast media to
light up hyperactive areas

functional imaging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

More metabolic activity, __ in funcctional ikmaging

more lightne up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diagnosis of lesions that are too small to
be detected is what type of neuroimaging

functional imaging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Indirect imaging of the brain by injecting
air in the ventricular system

Ventriculography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

used for patients with
hydrocephalus

Ventriculography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Very invasive as it injects air into the brain

Ventriculography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Demonstrates blood vessels in and
around the brain

● Cerebral Angiography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Indirect imaging of the brain

● Cerebral Angiography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cerebral angiography is _ imaging of the brain

indirect

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If there are occlusions c pt c stroke, you
can see where it is cut off in _

cerebral angiography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Identifies blood clots or thrombosis,
hemorrhage

cerebral angiography

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When _ is seen due to contrast
media leaking, this represents a _

haziness, hemorrrhagic stroke

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT scan used for neuroimaging, when

1970s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT + Nuclear medicine when

1980s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) when

1980s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Positron emission tomography (PET) when

1980s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Uses radioactively labeled chemicals for functional imaging of the brain

1980s

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT or MRI? Modality of choice for acute settings due to the short scanning times.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT or MRI? Detects changes in fluid content, ischemia, edema and
hemorrhage more accurately

MRI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT or MRI? Axial Slice: Most commonly used for diagnostic purposes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT or MRI? Best
view of the ventricular system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CT or MRI? Best view for spinal cord and brainstem

Most commonly used for diagnostic purposes

Axial Slice

Best view of the ventricular system

coronal slice

Best view for spinal cord and brainstem

sagittal slices

displays changes in blood flow through the paramagnetic properties of Hgb or use of contrasts

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Demonstrates ischemia immediately following its occurrence

Functional MRI (fMRI)

used in staging of stroke crucial in deciding treatment

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Not recommended for traumatic cases

mri

gray matter has a _ than white matter because the nerve cell bodies are in the gray matter.

higher signal intensity

SIX BRAIN IMAGES in CT scan

cross star happy sad worms coffee beans

The brain may be scanned in all _ orthogonal planes

CT scan: gray matter

Bright (more radiodense)

CT scan: white matter

less brighter than gray

CT Scan: CSF

dark more radiolucent

CT scan: bones

bright

ct scan subcutaneous fat

dark

MRI (T1) white matter

bright

MRI (T1) gray matter

dark (lower signal intensoty)

MRI (T1) bones

dark

MRI (T1) csf

dark

MRI (T1) subcutaneous fat

bright

MRI (T2) gray matter

bright (higher signal intesnity)

MRI (T2) white matter

dark

MRI (T2) bones

dark

MRI (T2) csf

bright

MRI (T2) subcutaneous fat

dark

A limb is made up of lesser wings or sphenoid, a petrosal portion of temporal bone

the cross

_ of the skull contains the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa

base

base of the skull contains:

anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossa

In the middle cranial fossa, the _ lobe will be seen

temporal

A limb is made up of _ and _

lesser wings or sphenoid, a petrosal portion of temporal bone

Slice just above the base of the skull

star

Circle of Willis is seen, more evident in a contrast enhanced CT, what shape

star

Cut above the previous cut (star)

mr happy

eyes in mr happy is __

anterior horn of the lateral ventricles

mouth in mr happy is __

Quadrigeminal cistern

Down turned lips: posterior horns of the lateral ventricle: what shape

mr sad

Down turned lips in mr sad

posterior horns of the lateral ventricle

The (Back-to-Back) Worms what shape

mr sad

The (Back-to-Back) Worms, what part of brain

lateral ventricles

Cut almost at the vertex of the skull

the coffee beans

Sees the brain parenchyma

the coffee beans

Grey matter is denser than white matter. it appears whiter due to its _

higher radiodensity

t or f If you suspect your relative has a stroke, go to the nearest hospital with a CT scan because it is part of the protocol for treatment in the acute setting.

Non-invasive imaging technology that produces three-dimensional detailed anatomical images

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

It is often used for disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment and monitoring

MRI

It is based on sophisticated technology that excites and detects the change in the direction of the rotational axis of protons found in the water that makes up living issues.

MRI

MRI is based on _ technology that excites and detects the change in the direction of the_ found in the water that makes up living issues.

sophisticated, rotational axis of protons

ct scan how many mns

10 mins

● mri is Not ideal for claustrophobic patients t or f

Sound of machine is loud, so patients are given noise-canceling headphones in __

MRI

Cross-sectional imaging technology that uses a magnetic field and radiofrequency signals to cause hydrogen nuclei to emit their own signals which are then converted to images by a computer

MRI

The energy emitted varies according to the tissues form which the signal emanates which allows the MRI to distinguish between different types of tissues

MRI

These are different processes that are related to the return of protons to alignment with the magnetic field.

T1 & T2 PHENOMENA

t1 and t2 phenomena are different processes that are related to the return of _to alignment with the _

protons, magnetic field

Following the RF pulse, 2 things happen:

○ The protons gain longitudinal magnetization or realign with the magnetic field ○ The protons lose their transverse magnetization

In MRI, the contrast between tissues in the images is created based on differences in T1 and T2 and _, or number of hydrogen nuclei in the different tissues

proton density

Two parameters are most important in creating for creating contrast in the image:

TR (Time to Repetition) TE (Time to Echo)

Time at which the RF pulse is repeated to again displace the atoms

○ TR (Time to Repetition)

■ Time at which the signal is captured

○ TE (Time to Echo)

Imaging protocols of events during image acquisition

sequence

T1 is more sensitive to __

fat

● Short TE and TR times:

in _ phenomena, The signal is caught __ and tissues that rapidly recover their longitudinal magnetization such as fat give rise to _ signal intensities

t1, early, high

When __ TE is employed, tissues that are slow to recover their longitudinal magnetization such as tissues with high __ content render __ signal intensities. what phenomena?

short, high, low, T1

Long TE and TR times

T2 images are measured __ in the process so tissues that have high water content renders high signal intensity

Late

Tissues with _ content (gives up energy fast) gives rise to __ intensity on T2

fat, low signal

Brighter images for structures with higher water content in what phenomena

Darker images for structures with higher fat content in what phenomena

T1 vs T2: Measures energy early

T1 vs T2: Selectively images structures that to not readily give up energy

T1 vs T2: Provides images of good and tonic detail, displaying tissues in a fairly balanced manner

T1 vs T2: High signal intensity – WATER

T1 vs T2: Measures energy later

T1 vs T2: High signal intensity – FAT

T1 vs T2: Low signal intensity - fat

T1 vs T2: Low signal intensity – WATER