EPPT_S1_L1 - 1-2 Flashcards
According to the American Physical Therapy Association (2009), theory is a __ and ___ for practice
Guide and tool
Examples of theory as a guide and tool on practice
- ITE Model in motor learning
- Theory of arthrokinematics in kinesiology
Selection of interventions and anticipated outcomes should be derived from ___
physical therapy theory
Example of selection of intervention should be derived from PT theory
We should not suggest building a bed in the 1st floor because it is the engineering’s job to build a bed.
Theory cannot substitute for ___
Professional judgment
Theories are effective, but it will or may differ in __
Practice
Theory can still be __ and ___ throughout
physical therapy, from examination to interventions
Evaluated and reviewed
Theory can be served as:
- Organization of ideas
- Integration of knowledge with practice
- Opportunity for new knowledge and alternative
theories
Identify what use of theory: ITE model in motor learning, theory of arthrokinematics in kinesiology
Theory is a guide and tool for practice ITE model in motor learning, theory of arthrokinematics in kinesiology
Identify what use of theory: Theories are effective, but it will or may differ in
practice.
E.g. Using Brunnstrom doesn’t work on ur pt, will
you continue to use it? Change the theory if the first
one doesn’t work.
Theory cannot substitute for professional judgment
Identify what use of theory: Physical therapists should only base their
interventions on physical therapy theories.
Selection of interventions and anticipated outcomes should be derived from physical therapy theory
Identify what use of theory: There is no absolute theory
○ You can change theories after a number of PT
sessions.
Theory can still be evaluated and reviewed throughout
physical therapy, from examination to interventions
Traditional Theories
- Biomedical Model
- Psychosocial Model
Emerging Theories
- Transformative Learning Theory
- Connectivity Theory
Diseases are caused by external or internal injuries to
the body.
Biomedical model
Physical Injuries: TBI; fractures
■ Chemical injuries: Burns caused by sulfuric
acid
External injuries
Chemical imbalance in the body
● Can be increase in sodium or potassium
● Sodium: hyponatremia, hypernatremia
● Calcium: hypokalemia, hyperkalemia
● Blood vessel problem: stroke, myocardial
infarction
Internal Injuries
Development of medical techniques is based on
knowledge about ___, ___, and ___
Cells, tissues, organs
Biomedical model focuses more on the ___ than the ___
Disease, patient
Biomedical model treat diseases at the ___ level, not organ level
Cellular
7 Key Principles of Biomedical Model:
- Reductionism
- Cartesian Dualism
- Specific Aetiology
- Germ Theory
- Normalization
- Objectivity and experimentation
- Body as machine
The body is divided into systems and parts.
■ Organ systems → organs → tissues → cells
Reductionism
The goal is to know the origin of the illness and focus on the cure of the cause
Specific aetiology
The body and mind are separate (according to Rene Descartes)
Cartesian Dualism
The mind is perfect, it shouldn’t have ___
Diseases
Body is imperfect, it is prone to?
Diseases
Example of specific aetiology
Ex. Primary Parkinsonism (no cause) vs secondary parkinsonism (with cause)
Germs are the cause of the diseases, not the foul air and evil spirits
Germ theory
Parasites, virus, bacteria
Germ theory
COVID caused by coronavirus, identify general principles
Specific aetiology or germ theory
If bacteria was explicitly given in the test or anything caused by bacteria or virus
Germ theory
Rationally conducted experimentation should be done to verify what we believe to be true
Objectivity and experimentation
Distinction between normal from abnormal
Normalization
Weakness of biomedical model
Brings stigma whether normal or abnormal
Body is compared to simple and complex machines
Body as mchine
Machines are controlled by the _
Brain
Simple machines
Wedges, wheel, axle
Theories emerged from biomedical model
Systems theory, dynamic action theory
Body is a mechanical system with a large number of joints and muscles that need to be controlled in any movement task
Systems theory
Systems theory tells that body is ___ to each other
Connected
Systems theory says that body is _ and __
Rigid, not flexible
If the elbow moves towards flexion, the muscle and bone should also move, which is controlled by the brain. What theory is this
Systems theory
In systems theory, how we lift 3kgs is the same as _
10 kgs
Describes motor control as an organizing system, meaning that rather than being controlled by higher centers, movement emerges based on demands of system
Dynamic action theory
In dynamic action theory, it is not just controlled by the brain but also ___ comes into play
Environment
Body is also affected by ___
Environmental factors
T or F: dynamic action theory focuses on environment and social relationship
False, environment only and no social relationship
Focus in the nature of self-understanding, social relationships, and the mental processes that support connections between the person and his social worldhe
Psychosocial model
____ is the product of the ongoing interaction between individuals and social environments
Development
Example of psychosocial model
If home, pwede nakataas legs. At school, hindi since relationship between the parents is different from between students
Your actions differ based on ___
Social relationships
Theories emerged from psychosocial model
Social cognitive, health belief, erik erikson’s development theory
T or F: Social cognitive and health belief are almost the same
T
Self-efficacy with increased engagement
Social cognitive
Motivation with increased engagement
Health belief
Interactive deliberative tasks foster self-efficacy and lead to increased engagement
Social cognitive
Perception that they can do something
Self-efficacy
Social cognitive is more ___
Internal
Example of social cognitive
They know that they can pass so they will have more engagement and study more
Presence of sufficient motivation for health to be relevant
Health belief
Health belief is more __
External
Health belief needs ___ before action
Motivation
What if there is no motivation in health belief?
one wont do activity
New studies show that bradykinesia and rigidity will decrease if-therapy is done by groups. This is what theory?
Health belief or social cognitive
The progress of each life stage is determined by the success or lack of success in all the previous stages
Erik erikson’s development theory
Example of erik erikson
Pt can walk but during therapy, they do not want to walk (problem in trust vs. mistrust)
Stages of erikson’s psychosocial
Infancy, early childhood, play age, school age, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, old age
