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SPECONLEC_S1_L2 - 2nd (37-72) Flashcards

1
Q

Divides the body into areas of 9%

A

The Rule of 9

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2
Q

When is the Rule of 9 more practical?

A

emergent triage of a patient with an acute burn injury

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3
Q

Components under total body surface area

A
  1. Rule of 9
  2. Modified Lund and Browder Method
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4
Q

How many percent is the head?

A

9%

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5
Q

How many percent is the entire right (LE)

A

18%

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6
Q

How many percent is the entire left (LE)

A

18%

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7
Q

How many percent is the entire trunk?

A

36%

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8
Q

How many percent is the groin?

A

1%

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9
Q

How many percent is the entire right arm?

A

9%

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10
Q

How many percent is the entire left arm?

A

9%

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11
Q

Tool divides the body into much smaller areas and gives you sizes that are associated with differently aged patients

A

Modified Lund and Browder Method

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12
Q

T or F: Modified Lund and Browder Method is a more accurate means to determine the extent of burns

A

T

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13
Q

Modified Lund and Browder Method modified the percentages of body surface area to account for a ___ and to accommodate for ___ of different body segments

A

continuum age; growth

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14
Q

When is it considered a minor injury when in children and elderly

A

<10% TBSA

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15
Q

When is it considered a moderate injury when in children and elderly

A

20% TBSA

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16
Q

When is it considered a major injury when in children and elderly

A

> 20% TBSA

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17
Q

When is is considered a Minor injury in partial thickness burn?

A

N/A, also moderate and major are N/A

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18
Q

When is it considered to be a minor injury in adult?

A

<15% TBSA

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19
Q

When is it considered to be a moderate injury in adult?

A

15-25%

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20
Q

When is it considered to be a major injury in adult?

A

> 25%

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21
Q

When is it considered to be a minor injury in full thickness burn?

A

2% not involving the EEHFP

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22
Q

When is it considered to be a major injury in full thickness burn?

A

> 10%, except EEHFP, electrical or inhalation

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23
Q

When is it considered to be a moderate injury in full thickness burn?

A

2-10%, except EEHFP, electrical or inhalation

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24
Q

Inhalation injury is suspected in what type of injury?

A

moderate

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25
Q

Inhalation injury is known in what type of injury?

A

major

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26
Q

An electrical burn is a __

A

major injury

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27
Q

A burn injury in the eyes, ears, face, perineum and hands is a __

A

major injury

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28
Q

Co-morbid factors and premorbid illness in major injury

A

/ fracture and trauma

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29
Q

Co-morbid factors and premorbid illness in moderate injury

A

/ predisposing patient to infection (DM, SCD)

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30
Q

Criteria for admission: Partial and full thickness burns in pts under 10 and over 50

A

> 10% TBSA

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31
Q

Criteria for admission: Partial and full thickness burns in other age groups

A

> 20% TBSA

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32
Q

Criteria for admission: full thickness burns in other age groups

A

> 5% TBSA

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33
Q

Criteria for admission: Partial and full thickness burns involving the __, _, _, _, _

A

hand, feet, face, perineum, or skin overlying major joints

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34
Q

Criteria for admission: other conditions which will warrant admission

A

Electrical burns and lightning injuries
Chemical burns
Patient with inhalation injury

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35
Q

Complications of Burns

A

Infections
Pulmonary Complications
Metabolic Complications
Cardiovascular complications
Heterotrophic ossification
Neuropathy
Pathologic Scar
Complications of electrical burns

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36
Q

Complication that is a leading cause of mortality

A

Infections

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37
Q

Agents causing infection

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus

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38
Q

Suspected in patients burned in a close space

A

pulmonary complications

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39
Q

injury that can happen in pulmonary complication

A

inhalation injury

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40
Q

Primary complications of pulmonary complications (5)

A

carbon monoxide poisoning, tracheal damage, upper airway obstruction, pulmonary edema, pneumonia

41
Q

Damage to the lungs = __

42
Q

rapid decrease in body weight and decrease in energy stores that are vital to the healing process

A

metabolic complications

43
Q

__ injuries cause a great metabolic and catabolic change to the body

44
Q

Severe burns where there are hemodynamic changes from the loss/shifting of fluids

A

cardiovascular complications

45
Q

Cardiovascular complications will have __% decrease in __

A

15%; cardiac output

46
Q

heterotrophic ossification happens in __%TBSA

47
Q

HO occurs in areas of (superficial partial/full/deep) thickness or sites that remain unhealed for a prolonged period of time

A

full thickness burn

48
Q

causes of HO (4)

A

Immobilization, microtrauma, high protein intake, sepsis

49
Q

areas affected by HO

A

elbow, hips, shoulders

50
Q

most common area affected by HO

51
Q

Complication that is due to compression bandages applied to tight, poorly fitted splints, inappropriate positioning

A

neuropathy

52
Q

Neuropathy can occur where? (3) sites

A

Brachial plexus, ulnar, common peroneal

53
Q

Pathologic scar include ___ burns allowed to heal

A

Deep partial thickness

54
Q

Pathologic scar includes __, __, or __

A

hypertrophy, contracture, or both

55
Q

Pathologic scar include ___burns that have been skin grafted

A

full thickness burns

56
Q

Type of scar: more on cosmetic problem (2)

A

keloid & hypertrophic

57
Q

Type of scar: considered problem since it limits movement

A

contracture scars

58
Q

Kinds of Wound Healing

A

Epidermal Healing
Dermal Healing

59
Q

(2) to tak enote in Edpidermal healing

A

epithelial lining & contact inhibition

60
Q

Healing that occurs when there are viable cells lining the skin appendages

A

epithelial healing

61
Q

Epidermal healing will undergo ___ which means u cannot disturb/move area while healing

A

contact inhibition

62
Q

Epithelial healing is most clinically evident in (partial/full/deep) thickness wounds that have intact hair follicles and glands

A

partial thickness wounds

63
Q

in epidermal healinh, damage in ____ may cause dryness and itching of wounds

A

sebaceous glands

64
Q

Phases under dermal healing

A

Inflammatory
Proliferative
Maturation

65
Q

Wound healing phase: 3-5 days

A

Inflammatory

66
Q

Wound healing phase: Fibroblast formation

A

Proliferative

67
Q

Wound healing phase: Characterized by redness, edema, warmth, pain, and decreased ROM

A

Inflammatory

68
Q

Wound healing phase: Wound contraction

A

Proliferative

69
Q

Wound healing phase: = or slightly > than collagen breakdown

A

Maturation

70
Q

Wound healing phase: >collagen breakdown

A

Maturation

71
Q

Wound healing phase: Platelets aggregate, & fibrin is deposited to form a clot over the area

A

inflammatory

72
Q

Wound healing phase: A wound is considered closed at the time epithelium covers the surface; however, wound healing involves remodeling of the scar tissue

A

maturation

73
Q

Wound healing phase: at deep, fibroblasts are migrating & proliferating; superficial, re-epitheliazation

A

proliferative

74
Q

Wound healing phase: there is a reduction in the number of fibroblasts, a decrease in vascularity d/t a lesser metabolic demand,

A

maturation

75
Q

Wound healing phase: Leukocytes infiltrate the area & behin to rid the site of contamination

A

inflammatory

76
Q

Wound healing phase: remodeling of collagen, which becomes more parallel in arrangement & forms stronger bonds

A

maturation

77
Q

Wound healing phase: re-epithelialization

A

Proliferative

78
Q

Wound healing phase: Ratio of collagen breakdown to production determines the type of scar that forms equal or slightly greater than collagen breakdown

A

maturation

79
Q

Wound healing phase: If there are other parts of the dermis nearby, they produce epithelium,

A

proliferative

80
Q

Wound healing phase: There is increased permeability of the blood vessels, with leaking of plasma, into the interstitial space & subsequent edema formation.

A

inflammatory

81
Q

what type of scar we want after wound healing

A

flat, pale, pliable

82
Q

re-epitheliazation occurs at what layer of epidermis

A

stratum basale

83
Q

this ceases when (1) the edges of the wound meet, or (2) tension in the surrounding skin equals or exceeds the force of contraction

A

wound healing

84
Q

these are the cells that synthesize scar tissue, which is composed of collages & protein ppolysaccharides in the form of a viscous ground substance that surrounds the collagen strands

A

fibroblasts

85
Q

Transient vasoconstriction in inflammatory phase of healing lasts for _ to _ mins

86
Q

In proliferative phase, where is re-epithelialization occurring in which fibroblasts are migrating and proliferating?

A

surface of the wound, while deep within the wound,

87
Q

In maturation phase, the ratio of ___ to __ determines the type of scar that forms

A

collagen breakdown; production

88
Q

an = or slightly > than collagen breakdown leads to what scar?

A

pale, flat, pliable scar

89
Q

a >collagen breakdown leads to what scar?

A

hypertophic scarring

90
Q

Types of burn scars

A

hypertrophic scars
keloid scars
contracture scars

91
Q

type of scars: characterized by extremely tight skin that can restrict your ability to move

A

contracture scars

92
Q

type of scars: excessive collagen deposits appear raised, but not to the degree super observable

A

hypertrophic scars

93
Q

type of scars: can appear as a firm, rubbery lesion or shiny, fibrous nodules

A

keloid scars

94
Q

type of scars: Distinct pattern of collagen

A

keloid scars

95
Q

type of scars: They come out on the usual wound bed

A

keloid scars

96
Q

type of scars: Contained in the site of injury & may regress over time

A

hypertrophic scars

97
Q

type of scars: On histological examination, tends to have regularly
patterned collagen

A

hypertrophic scars

98
Q

type of scars: Spread beyond the borders of the initial injury & do not regress

A

keloid scars

mski (28 decks)

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