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mski > PHARMA_S1_L2 - 1-3 > Flashcards

PHARMA_S1_L2 - 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

concentration (EC50) or dose (ED50) of a drug required to
produce 50% of a drug’s maximal effect

A

POTENCY

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2
Q

Maximum response to a drug

A

EFFICACY

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3
Q

Amount/dosage of drug needed to produce a given effect

A

potency

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4
Q

t or f Peak response we can get from a drug is called potency

A

f, efficacy

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5
Q

First thing to look for in a drug:

A

efficacy

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6
Q

t or f Drug that is more potent would need a greater amount to produce a given effect,
while a drug that is less potent would need a lesser amount to produce its effect

A

f, Drug that is less potent would need a greater amount to produce a given effect, while a drug that is more potent
would need a lesser amount to produce its effect

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7
Q

DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE: what is the x axis

A

doses of drugs

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8
Q

DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE: what is the y axis

A

different effects of drugs

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9
Q

There will come a time when you have reached the maximum effect (ceiling)
wherein no additional dose or concentration can produce further relief
of the low back pain. t or f

A

t

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10
Q

In the slope of the drug response curve will be _ effects.

A

therapeutic

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11
Q

Higher than the slope, it is still therapeutic effects but you already get the increased
risk of _

A

adverse effects

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12
Q

Able to provide the effect with the least amount of dose?

A

potency

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13
Q

Quantal Dose Response Curve: x axis

A

drug concentration in the plasma

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14
Q

Quantal Dose Response Curve: y axis

A

corresponding % of the individual responding.

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15
Q

t or f in quantal dose response curve, you will see the ED50.

A

t

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16
Q

Dose required to produce a therapeutic effect in 50% of the population

A

ED50 (Effective Dose 50)

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17
Q

Dose required to produce a toxic effect in 50% of the population

A

TD50 (Toxic Dose 50)

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18
Q

In between ED50 and TD50 is the _

A

therapeutic index

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19
Q

Computation of therapeutic index:

A

TD50/ED50

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20
Q

If therapeutic index is __: the dose of the drug that produces the
therapeutic effect are very far from the dose that will cause a toxic effect

A

wide

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21
Q

what drugs have wide therapeutic index

A

OTC drugs

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22
Q

Therapeutic dose is near from the toxic dose in OTC drugs. t or f

A

f, away

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23
Q

cancer chemotherapeutic drugs has what therapeutic index?

A

narrow therapeutic index

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24
Q

therapeutic index define

A

Ratio of median toxic dose ( TD50) to median effective dose ( ED50)

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25
Q

Some books say that therapeutic window and therapeutic index are the same. t or f

A

t

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26
Q

Range of doses by which we see the efficacy of the drug
without seeing the toxic effects of the drug

A

THERAPEUTIC WINDOW

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27
Q

where you can start with the lowest effective dose and it also
encompasses the dose where you have the lowest toxic effect.

A

THERAPEUTIC WINDOW

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28
Q

therapeutic index is bad t or f

A

f, It is not saying that the therapeutic index is bad because you can get good or better effects from the drugs, but you run the risk of getting more adverse effects.

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29
Q

otc drugs stay within the therapeutic window t or f

A

t

30
Q

Lethal effect is far t or f

A

t

31
Q

3 effects of doses

A

therapeutic effect, toxic effect, & lethal effect

32
Q

Routes of Administration

A

A. Alimentary
B. Non-alimentary

33
Q

GI tract route of administration is called:

A

Alimentary

34
Q

anything outside the GI tract

A

non alimentary

35
Q

forms of drugs (routes of admin) - 7

A

A. Oral
B. Sublingual
C. Rectal
D. Inhalational
E. Topical
F. Transdermal
G. Injection

36
Q

route of admin By mouth

A

ORAL

37
Q

oral forms Available in _ _ _ _

A

tablet, capsule, liquid, syrups

38
Q

when you say per orem what does it mean

A

by mouth

39
Q

ADVANTAGES OF ORAL

A

Convenient
Self-administered
Economical

40
Q

Drugs in oral forms are the cheapest t or f

A

t

41
Q

The most expensive kind of drugs are __

A

intravenous
forms

42
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF ORAL

A

Limited
Gastric irritation
Gastric contents
Consciousness
First pass effect

43
Q

Drugs in oral can cause _ or even
_ (gastric irritation), can even lead to ulceration

A

hyperacidity, gastritis

44
Q

if meds are taken before breakfast, then food does not affect absorption t or f

A

f, “Drink before breakfast” → the gastric contents or
the food that is present there will limit the absorption

45
Q

“Drink before breakfast” → the gastric contents or the food that is present
there will limit the absorption → ??

A

↓ Bioavailability

46
Q

“Take it after meals”
pls explain what does this mean

A

food does not affect absorption,
but you take it after meals because it can cause gastric irritation

47
Q

If pt is comatose, the pt cannot take medicines orally so give what form of med?

A

intravenous
forms

48
Q

It indicates that the moment you take the drug,
it goes first to the liver before getting to
systemic circulation.

A

first pass effect

49
Q

first pass effect indicates that the moment you take the drug,
it goes first to the __ before getting to
systemic circulation.

A

liver

50
Q

The _ metabolizes the drugs.

A

liver

51
Q

By the time the drugs is absorbed, _
already starts to happen

A

metabolism

52
Q

Oral drugs go to the liver first, partially
metabolized before going to _

A

systemic circulation

53
Q

oral drugs have higher bioavilability t or f

A

f, lower

54
Q

drugs that are put under the tongue

A

SUBLINGUAL

55
Q

oral forms of drug have an immediate effect t or f

A

f, it takes 30-45 minutes

56
Q

oral forms take how many minutes to have an efffect

A

30 to 45

57
Q

ADVANTAGES OF SUBLINGUAL

A

Fairly rapid onset
Avoids first pass effect

58
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF SUBLINGUAL

A

Salivation
Limited

59
Q

after how many minutes, the sublingual will take an effect

A

10 mins

60
Q

These sublingual drugs are small and when you put it
under the tongue, it dissolves long t or f

A

f, dissolves immediately

61
Q

sublingual drugs are absorbed by the __

A

venous plexes

62
Q

sublingual avoids _

A

first pass effect

63
Q

EXAMPLES OF SUBLINGUAL

A

Anti-htn medications
Analgesics (NSAID)
Drug for myocardial infarction (MI)

64
Q

drug for MI

A

nitroglycerin

65
Q

sublingual meds are mostly for __

A

emergency purposes

66
Q

t or f you can put biogesic under your tongue

A

f

67
Q

rectal is aeffective alternative for:

A

○ Comatose
○ Those who cannot swallow
○ Uncooperative

68
Q

DISADVANTAGES OF RECTAL

A

limited
unpredictable
local irritation

69
Q

Rectal Meds are called _.

A

suppositories

70
Q

EXAMPLES OF RECTAL

A

● Fever medications for children
● Seizure disorders in children

mski (28 decks)

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