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mski > PHARMA_S1_L2 - 1-3 > Flashcards

PHARMA_S1_L2 - 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

concentration (EC50) or dose (ED50) of a drug required to
produce 50% of a drug’s maximal effect

A

POTENCY

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2
Q

Maximum response to a drug

A

EFFICACY

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3
Q

Amount/dosage of drug needed to produce a given effect

A

potency

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4
Q

t or f Peak response we can get from a drug is called potency

A

f, efficacy

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5
Q

First thing to look for in a drug:

A

efficacy

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6
Q

t or f Drug that is more potent would need a greater amount to produce a given effect,
while a drug that is less potent would need a lesser amount to produce its effect

A

f, Drug that is less potent would need a greater amount to produce a given effect, while a drug that is more potent
would need a lesser amount to produce its effect

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7
Q

DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE: what is the x axis

A

doses of drugs

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8
Q

DOSE-RESPONSE CURVE: what is the y axis

A

different effects of drugs

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9
Q

There will come a time when you have reached the maximum effect (ceiling)
wherein no additional dose or concentration can produce further relief
of the low back pain. t or f

A

t

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10
Q

In the slope of the drug response curve will be _ effects.

A

therapeutic

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11
Q

Higher than the slope, it is still therapeutic effects but you already get the increased
risk of _

A

adverse effects

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12
Q

Able to provide the effect with the least amount of dose?

A

potency

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13
Q

Quantal Dose Response Curve: x axis

A

drug concentration in the plasma

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14
Q

Quantal Dose Response Curve: y axis

A

corresponding % of the individual responding.

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15
Q

t or f in quantal dose response curve, you will see the ED50.

A

t

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16
Q

Dose required to produce a therapeutic effect in 50% of the population

A

ED50 (Effective Dose 50)

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17
Q

Dose required to produce a toxic effect in 50% of the population

A

TD50 (Toxic Dose 50)

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18
Q

In between ED50 and TD50 is the _

A

therapeutic index

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19
Q

Computation of therapeutic index:

A

TD50/ED50

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20
Q

If therapeutic index is __: the dose of the drug that produces the
therapeutic effect are very far from the dose that will cause a toxic effect

A

wide

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21
Q

what drugs have wide therapeutic index

A

OTC drugs

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22
Q

Therapeutic dose is near from the toxic dose in OTC drugs. t or f

A

f, away

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23
Q

cancer chemotherapeutic drugs has what therapeutic index?

A

narrow therapeutic index

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24
Q

therapeutic index define

A

Ratio of median toxic dose ( TD50) to median effective dose ( ED50)

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25
Some books say that therapeutic window and therapeutic index are the same. t or f
t
26
Range of doses by which we see the efficacy of the drug without seeing the toxic effects of the drug
THERAPEUTIC WINDOW
27
where you can start with the lowest effective dose and it also encompasses the dose where you have the lowest toxic effect.
THERAPEUTIC WINDOW
28
therapeutic index is bad t or f
f, It is not saying that the therapeutic index is bad because you can get good or better effects from the drugs, but you run the risk of getting more adverse effects.
29
otc drugs stay within the therapeutic window t or f
t
30
Lethal effect is far t or f
t
31
3 effects of doses
therapeutic effect, toxic effect, & lethal effect
32
Routes of Administration
A. Alimentary B. Non-alimentary
33
GI tract route of administration is called:
Alimentary
34
anything outside the GI tract
non alimentary
35
forms of drugs (routes of admin) - 7
A. Oral B. Sublingual C. Rectal D. Inhalational E. Topical F. Transdermal G. Injection
36
route of admin By mouth
ORAL
37
oral forms Available in _ _ _ _
tablet, capsule, liquid, syrups
38
when you say per orem what does it mean
by mouth
39
ADVANTAGES OF ORAL
Convenient Self-administered Economical
40
Drugs in oral forms are the cheapest t or f
t
41
The most expensive kind of drugs are __
intravenous forms
42
DISADVANTAGES OF ORAL
Limited Gastric irritation Gastric contents Consciousness First pass effect
43
Drugs in oral can cause _ or even _ (gastric irritation), can even lead to ulceration
hyperacidity, gastritis
44
if meds are taken before breakfast, then food does not affect absorption t or f
f, “Drink before breakfast” → the gastric contents or the food that is present there will limit the absorption
45
“Drink before breakfast” → the gastric contents or the food that is present there will limit the absorption → ??
↓ Bioavailability
46
“Take it after meals” pls explain what does this mean
food does not affect absorption, but you take it after meals because it can cause gastric irritation
47
If pt is comatose, the pt cannot take medicines orally so give what form of med?
intravenous forms
48
It indicates that the moment you take the drug, it goes first to the liver before getting to systemic circulation.
first pass effect
49
first pass effect indicates that the moment you take the drug, it goes first to the __ before getting to systemic circulation.
liver
50
The _ metabolizes the drugs.
liver
51
By the time the drugs is absorbed, _ already starts to happen
metabolism
52
Oral drugs go to the liver first, partially metabolized before going to _
systemic circulation
53
oral drugs have higher bioavilability t or f
f, lower
54
drugs that are put under the tongue
SUBLINGUAL
55
oral forms of drug have an immediate effect t or f
f, it takes 30-45 minutes
56
oral forms take how many minutes to have an efffect
30 to 45
57
ADVANTAGES OF SUBLINGUAL
Fairly rapid onset Avoids first pass effect
58
DISADVANTAGES OF SUBLINGUAL
Salivation Limited
59
after how many minutes, the sublingual will take an effect
10 mins
60
These sublingual drugs are small and when you put it under the tongue, it dissolves long t or f
f, dissolves immediately
61
sublingual drugs are absorbed by the __
venous plexes
62
sublingual avoids _
first pass effect
63
EXAMPLES OF SUBLINGUAL
Anti-htn medications Analgesics (NSAID) Drug for myocardial infarction (MI)
64
drug for MI
nitroglycerin
65
sublingual meds are mostly for __
emergency purposes
66
t or f you can put biogesic under your tongue
f
67
rectal is aeffective alternative for:
○ Comatose ○ Those who cannot swallow ○ Uncooperative
68
DISADVANTAGES OF RECTAL
limited unpredictable local irritation
69
Rectal Meds are called _.
suppositories
70
EXAMPLES OF RECTAL
● Fever medications for children ● Seizure disorders in children

mski (28 decks)

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