Specific Immune System Flashcards
1
Q
lymphocytes overview
A
- type of agranulocyte wbcs
- make antibodies
- attack foreign cells & destroy body cells that have lost function
- large nucleus, little cytoplasm
- 3 types
2
Q
lymphocyte types (3)
A
- B-cells
- T-cells
- Natural Killer Cells
3
Q
B-cells overview
A
aka bone marrow cells
- millions produced by bone marrow every day
- produce glycoprotein receptors
- when activated, produce immunoglobulins
4
Q
B-cell activation
A
- occurs when glycoprotein receptor on coat of B-cells binds with invading antigen
- once activated, B-cell becomes plasma cell
5
Q
glycoprotein receptor
A
- part of B-cells’ coat
- different types (determined genetically) bind with specific type on antigen
6
Q
antigen
A
foreign molecule recognized by immune system
7
Q
plasma cell
A
rapidly divides to produce immunoglobulins (Igs)
8
Q
immunoglobulins
A
- aka antibodies
- soluble form of glycoprotein receptor produced by rapid division of plasma cell
- bind to invading antigen, make it inactive or marks for destruction by a phagocyte
9
Q
5 types of immunoglobulins
A
IgM
IgE
IgG
IgA
IgD
10
Q
specific immune system
A
- aka adaptive immune system
- B-cells & T-cells are central to response
- takes several days to activate
- targeted & extremely effective
11
Q
memory b-cells
A
- activated B-cells that continue producing small amount of Igs after infection is over
- if that same pathogen reenters the body, memory B-cells can produce specific antibody + target it for destruction way faster!
12
Q
antibody-mediated immunity
A
- aka humoral response
- made possible by memory b-cells
- second time same pathogen enters –> faster/more targeted immune response
13
Q
T-cells
A
aka thymus dependent cells
- originate in bone marrow, mature in thymus
- work via cell-mediated immunity
- contain antigen receptors
14
Q
cell-mediated immunity
A
- local release of substances to kill pathogen/infected cell
- provided by T cells
15
Q
antigen receptors
A
- on T cells
- bind to specific glycoproteins in cell membranes
16
Q
killer T-cells
A
- attack virus or cancer infected cells
- locally release cytokines + enzymes to lyse those cells
17
Q
helper T-cells
A
- secrete substances that activate/enhance immune responses
- b-cells must interact with them in order to become activated
18
Q
natural killer cells (NK)
A
- originate in bone marrow
- seek out and destroy abnormal body cells
- highly effective vs. tumors
