Anatomy of Heart

Question 1

pericardial cavity

Answer 1

• contains heart
• within thoracic cavity
• in anterior part of mediastinum between the lungs

Question 2

pericardium

Answer 2

• thick tough sac that encloses heart
• protects heart and anchors it to diaphragm
• inner + outer layers covered in smooth endothelium
• special fluid between 2 layers to allow heart to slide around with little friction

Question 3

myocardium

Answer 3

• layer of heart that contracts (makes up bulk of heart)
• composed mainly of skeletal muscle
• highly branched muscle fibers, attached via collagen connective tissue fibers that link all part of heart together

Question 4

endocardium

Answer 4

• white sheet of endothelium lining the heart

- continuous with lining of blood vessels

Question 5

septum

Answer 5

separates heart chambers into left and right sides

Question 6

fossa ovalis

Answer 6

• shallow depression in septum that separates the 2 atria
• in developing fetuses, this is open area for blood to bypass lungs
• closes during birth so lungs can receive oxygen once born

Question 7

4 one-way valves

Answer 7

1. pulmonary
2. aortic
3. mitral (bicuspid)
4. tricuspid

Question 8

pulmonary valve

Answer 8

controls flow leaving right ventricle to pulmonary trunk

Question 9

aortic valve

Answer 9

controls flow out of left ventricle to aorta

Question 10

mitral (bicuspid) valve

Answer 10

controls flow from left atrium to left ventricle

Question 11

tricuspid valve

Answer 11

controls flow from right atrium to right ventricle

Question 12

cardiovascular system

Answer 12

• closed circulatory system (blood goes from heart – body – heart)
• transports oxygen + nutrients to cells, waste away from cells
• prevents blood loss from ruptured vessels via clotting mechanisms
• fights invasion of body by foreign pathogens
• made up of: muscular heart, blood vessels, blood