Neuroglial Cells

Question 1

neuroglial cells

Answer 1

• support cells for neurons

- enable them to thrive in their very specific necessary environment

Question 2

neuroglial cells of PNS (2)

Answer 2

1. Schwann cells

2. satellite cells

Question 3

Schwann cells

Answer 3

• coat short sections of peripheral nerve axon in PNS
• composed of myelin sheath
• in gray matter of brain + spinal chord

Question 4

myelin sheath

Answer 4

• white fatty layer rolled around axon
• insulates nerve fiber
• increases speed of nerve impulses

Question 5

Satellite cells

Answer 5

• surround cell bodies of peripheral neurons

- help regulate cell body environment

Question 6

neuroglial cells of CNS (4)

Answer 6

1. ependymal cells
2. oligodendrocytes
3. astrocytes
4. microglial cells

Question 7

Ependymal cells

Answer 7

• circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

- allows fluid exchange btwn brain, spinal chord, and CSF

Question 8

oligodendrocytes

Answer 8

insulate axons of CNS

Question 9

astrocytes

Answer 9

• wrap around blood capillaries to control chemical environment of neurons
• create blood brain barrier (only allows certain substances to pass through into the CNS)

Question 10

microglial cells

Answer 10

• protect CNS

- scavenge dead cells + infectious microorganisms

Question 11

axonal regeneration

Answer 11

• only possible in peripheral nerves
• when peripheral nerve axon injured, schwann cells grow ahead of axon
• this creates path for nerve axon to regrow very slowly

Question 12

nodes of ranier

Answer 12

• gaps between schwann cells
• impulse jumps from node to node via saltatory conduction
• greatly increases rate of nerve impulse transmission along axon