Nonspecific Immune System Pt 2 Flashcards
1
Q
cytokines
A
- secreted proteins that circulate within blood
- regulate + signal both immune response systems
2
Q
cytokines produced by
A
immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, fibroblasts, macrophages)
3
Q
types of cytokines
A
interferons + interleukins
4
Q
interferons
A
- type of cytokine
- inhibit viral replication
- help activate natural killer cells
5
Q
interleukins
A
- type of cytokine
- chemical activators that signal body to increase its immune response
- many subtypes
6
Q
pyrogens
A
- type of interleukin
- increase thermostatic set point of body –> fever
7
Q
granulocytes
A
- white blood cells with granules in cytoplasm
- 3 types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
- all capable of phagocytosis
8
Q
phagocytosis
A
process of ingesting/destroying foreign pathogen:
- cell recognizes pathogen via cell surface receptors
- neutrophil (or other WBC) binds to pathogen and brings it inside cell, forming vacuole
- vacuole fuses with cell lysosomes
- enzymes from lysosomes destroy pathogen, contents released from cell
9
Q
neutrophils
A
- most abundant type of granulocyte
- fight infections (esp. bacterial) via phagocytosis
- short lifespan (die quickly after pathogen ingested)
- exit body as pus after die
10
Q
eosinophils
A
- respond to allergic reactions + parasitic infections via phagocytosis
- less common than neutrophils
11
Q
basophils
A
- rarest of granulocytes
- involved in release of histamines and heparin
- capable of phagocytosis
12
Q
histamines
A
vasodilator – dilates blood vessels to increase blood flow
13
Q
heparin
A
anticoagulant
14
Q
monocytes
A
- type of agranulocyte wbcs
- best phagocytes (live longer than neutrophils, greater phagocytic abilities
15
Q
macrophages
A
name for monocytes when they are in tissues