Nonspecific Immune System Pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cytokines

A
  • secreted proteins that circulate within blood

- regulate + signal both immune response systems

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2
Q

cytokines produced by

A

immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, fibroblasts, macrophages)

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3
Q

types of cytokines

A

interferons + interleukins

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4
Q

interferons

A
  • type of cytokine
  • inhibit viral replication
  • help activate natural killer cells
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5
Q

interleukins

A
  • type of cytokine
  • chemical activators that signal body to increase its immune response
  • many subtypes
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6
Q

pyrogens

A
  • type of interleukin

- increase thermostatic set point of body –> fever

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7
Q

granulocytes

A
  • white blood cells with granules in cytoplasm
  • 3 types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
  • all capable of phagocytosis
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8
Q

phagocytosis

A

process of ingesting/destroying foreign pathogen:

  1. cell recognizes pathogen via cell surface receptors
  2. neutrophil (or other WBC) binds to pathogen and brings it inside cell, forming vacuole
  3. vacuole fuses with cell lysosomes
  4. enzymes from lysosomes destroy pathogen, contents released from cell
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9
Q

neutrophils

A
  • most abundant type of granulocyte
  • fight infections (esp. bacterial) via phagocytosis
  • short lifespan (die quickly after pathogen ingested)
  • exit body as pus after die
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10
Q

eosinophils

A
  • respond to allergic reactions + parasitic infections via phagocytosis
  • less common than neutrophils
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11
Q

basophils

A
  • rarest of granulocytes
  • involved in release of histamines and heparin
  • capable of phagocytosis
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12
Q

histamines

A

vasodilator – dilates blood vessels to increase blood flow

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13
Q

heparin

A

anticoagulant

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14
Q

monocytes

A
  • type of agranulocyte wbcs

- best phagocytes (live longer than neutrophils, greater phagocytic abilities

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15
Q

macrophages

A

name for monocytes when they are in tissues

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