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RUSVM Anesthesiology > Special Species Anesthesia > Flashcards

Special Species Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

what are some specific challenges in special species anesthesia

A

unfamiliar species

unfamiliar drugs

research requirements and legislation

ethical aspects of research projects

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2
Q

why should special species not be fasted prior to anesthesia

A

rats and mice - do not vomit, prone to hypoglycemia and dehydration

rabbits and guinea pigs - experience GI disturbances → changes in gut flora, ileus, and enterotoxemia

all - exhibit neopjobia (feed usual food), high energy and high H2O content, coprophagic-avoid e-collars

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3
Q

common complications

A

high surface area to volume ratio (high risk of hypothermia)

hypoglycemia

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4
Q

how should drug does be calculated

A

dose = BW^3/4

high metabolic rate leads to high dose requirement

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5
Q

why is SQ the preferred route of administering drugs

A

IV access is challenging

means effects are less predictable

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6
Q

since SQ administration is less predicitble try to use drugs that….

A

wide safety margin

reversible

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7
Q

what is the most commonly used injectable drug used in lab rodents

A

ketamine

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8
Q

what is ketamine used in combination with

A

alpha 2 agonist

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9
Q

T/F isoflurane undergoes virtually no biotransformation

A

True

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10
Q

T/F mask induction may be associated with breath holding

A

True

particularly in rabbits

aversion due to smell - particularly iso in GPs

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11
Q

facemasks are commonly used for ____ and ____ of anesthesia

A

induction and maitenance

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12
Q

which species has a pharyngeal membrane

A

guinea pigs

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13
Q

T/F nasal intubation is possible in rabbits

A

True

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14
Q

T/F intubation can be performed blindly or by direct visualization

A

True

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15
Q

What is the tidal volume in small rodents

A

5-10mL/kg

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16
Q

what route should fluids be administered

A

IP or SC if not clinically dehydrated

IV or intraossesous

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17
Q

following anesthesia animals should be recovered in a/an _______ to maintain body temp

A

incubator

18
Q

what should be assess post op

A

pain assessment

body weight, food and water consumption

complex behavorial measures - nesting

changes in facial expression

19
Q

what is the most commonly used opioid

A

buprenorphine

35x more potent as morphine in rats IM

long duration of action

20
Q

what is analogous to vomiting in other speces with opioids

A

Pica

of occurs switch to non-opioid analgesic

21
Q

T/F all of the drugs liscenced for use in animals can be dministered in lab animals

A

True

22
Q

T/F minimum safe dose of local anesthetics not clearly defines

A

True

do not exceed: 10mg/kg lidocaine, 2 mg/kg bupivicaine

23
Q

T/F when used with sevo and iso in rats, gabapentin has a MAC sparing effect

A

True

24
Q

metabolism in poikilothermic/ectothermic reptiles

A

lower rates of metabolism compares to mammals

oxygen consumption varies fro almost zero to that of resting mamamal

25
Q

T/F in reptiles blood can be shunted from R-L and L-R

A

True

may affect anesthetic gas uptake and elimination - awakening during anesthesia, blood gas and SpO2

26
Q

T/F chelonians are obligate nasal breathers

A

True

27
Q

muscles used for locomotion are also involved in _____

A

ventilation

lack diaphragm - drugs may have more respiratory depressant effect

28
Q

what might depress ventilation

A

high FiO2

recovery may be faster breathing room air

29
Q

T/F like birds reptiles have a renal-portal system

A

True

preferrable to avoid nephrotoxic drugs and injection into hindlimbs

little apparent effect on drug’s PK in healthy animal

30
Q

what is thought to be responsible for prolonged recoveries seen after anesthesia in reptiles

A

lower metabolic capacity

31
Q

intraosseous route can be used in which species

A

iguanas

sea turtles

tortoises

32
Q

what are common sedatives used in reptiles

A

benzodiazepines

alpha 2 agonists

(medetomidine, midazolam - both reversible)

33
Q

what is the drug of choice IV access is available

A

propofol

give slowly, CRIs have been used in green iguanas

decreased HR and respiratory depression

34
Q

which injectible anesthetics may be suitable prior to handling and intubation

A

zolazepam-tiletamine

35
Q

which reptile species have complete tracheal rings

A

chelonians and crocodillians

36
Q

T/F the trachea bifurcaition rostrally so its easy to intubate a bronchus

A

True

37
Q

why is isotonic saline diluted (9:1 with sterile water) recommended in reptiles

A

blood is hypotonic compared to birds and mammals

38
Q

routes of fluid administration

A

IV

PO

intracoelomically

39
Q

what fluid rate should be used in reptiles

A

1 mL/kg/hr

40
Q

why is ETCO2 not reliable in reptiles

A

intra-pulmonary shunting of blood

41
Q

T/F pulse oximetry not validated for reptile species

A

true

42
Q

which NSAID is commonly used in reptiles

A

meloxicam

RUSVM Anesthesiology (39 decks)

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