Special Species Anesthesia

Question 1

what are some specific challenges in special species anesthesia

Answer 1

unfamiliar species

unfamiliar drugs

research requirements and legislation

ethical aspects of research projects

Question 2

why should special species not be fasted prior to anesthesia

Answer 2

rats and mice - do not vomit, prone to hypoglycemia and dehydration

rabbits and guinea pigs - experience GI disturbances → changes in gut flora, ileus, and enterotoxemia

all - exhibit neopjobia (feed usual food), high energy and high H2O content, coprophagic-avoid e-collars

Question 3

common complications

Answer 3

high surface area to volume ratio (high risk of hypothermia)

hypoglycemia

Question 4

how should drug does be calculated

Answer 4

dose = BW^3/4

high metabolic rate leads to high dose requirement

Question 5

why is SQ the preferred route of administering drugs

Answer 5

IV access is challenging

means effects are less predictable

Question 6

since SQ administration is less predicitble try to use drugs that….

Answer 6

wide safety margin

reversible

Question 7

what is the most commonly used injectable drug used in lab rodents

Answer 7

ketamine

Question 8

what is ketamine used in combination with

Answer 8

alpha 2 agonist

Question 9

T/F isoflurane undergoes virtually no biotransformation

Answer 9

True

Question 10

T/F mask induction may be associated with breath holding

Answer 10

True

particularly in rabbits

aversion due to smell - particularly iso in GPs

Question 11

facemasks are commonly used for ____ and ____ of anesthesia

Answer 11

induction and maitenance

Question 12

which species has a pharyngeal membrane

Answer 12

guinea pigs

Question 13

T/F nasal intubation is possible in rabbits

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F intubation can be performed blindly or by direct visualization

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the tidal volume in small rodents

Answer 15

5-10mL/kg

Question 16

what route should fluids be administered

Answer 16

IP or SC if not clinically dehydrated

IV or intraossesous

Question 17

following anesthesia animals should be recovered in a/an _______ to maintain body temp

Answer 17

incubator

Question 18

what should be assess post op

Answer 18

pain assessment

body weight, food and water consumption

complex behavorial measures - nesting

changes in facial expression

Question 19

what is the most commonly used opioid

Answer 19

buprenorphine

35x more potent as morphine in rats IM

long duration of action

Question 20

what is analogous to vomiting in other speces with opioids

Answer 20

Pica

of occurs switch to non-opioid analgesic

Question 21

T/F all of the drugs liscenced for use in animals can be dministered in lab animals

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F minimum safe dose of local anesthetics not clearly defines

Answer 22

True

do not exceed: 10mg/kg lidocaine, 2 mg/kg bupivicaine

Question 23

T/F when used with sevo and iso in rats, gabapentin has a MAC sparing effect

Answer 23

True

Question 24

metabolism in poikilothermic/ectothermic reptiles

Answer 24

lower rates of metabolism compares to mammals

oxygen consumption varies fro almost zero to that of resting mamamal

Question 25

T/F in reptiles blood can be shunted from R-L and L-R

Answer 25

**True** may affect anesthetic gas uptake and elimination - awakening during anesthesia, blood gas and SpO2

Question 26

T/F chelonians are obligate nasal breathers

Answer 26

**True**

Question 27

muscles used for locomotion are also involved in \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

**ventilation** lack diaphragm - drugs may have more respiratory depressant effect

Question 28

what might depress ventilation

Answer 28

high FiO2 recovery may be faster breathing room air

Question 29

T/F like birds reptiles have a renal-portal system

Answer 29

**True** preferrable to avoid nephrotoxic drugs and injection into hindlimbs little apparent effect on drug's PK in healthy animal

Question 30

what is thought to be responsible for prolonged recoveries seen after anesthesia in reptiles

Answer 30

lower metabolic capacity

Question 31

intraosseous route can be used in which species

Answer 31

iguanas sea turtles tortoises

Question 32

what are common sedatives used in reptiles

Answer 32

benzodiazepines alpha 2 agonists (medetomidine, midazolam - both reversible)

Question 33

what is the drug of choice IV access is available

Answer 33

**propofol** give slowly, CRIs have been used in green iguanas decreased HR and respiratory depression

Question 34

which injectible anesthetics may be suitable prior to handling and intubation

Answer 34

zolazepam-tiletamine

Question 35

which reptile species have complete tracheal rings

Answer 35

chelonians and crocodillians

Question 36

T/F the trachea bifurcaition rostrally so its easy to intubate a bronchus

Answer 36

**True**

Question 37

why is isotonic saline diluted (9:1 with sterile water) recommended in reptiles

Answer 37

blood is hypotonic compared to birds and mammals

Question 38

routes of fluid administration

Answer 38

IV PO intracoelomically

Question 39

what fluid rate should be used in reptiles

Answer 39

1 mL/kg/hr

Question 40

why is ETCO2 not reliable in reptiles

Answer 40

intra-pulmonary shunting of blood

Question 41

T/F pulse oximetry not validated for reptile species

Answer 41

**true**

Question 42

which NSAID is commonly used in reptiles

Answer 42

meloxicam