Special Species Anesthesia Flashcards
what are some specific challenges in special species anesthesia
unfamiliar species
unfamiliar drugs
research requirements and legislation
ethical aspects of research projects
why should special species not be fasted prior to anesthesia
rats and mice - do not vomit, prone to hypoglycemia and dehydration
rabbits and guinea pigs - experience GI disturbances → changes in gut flora, ileus, and enterotoxemia
all - exhibit neopjobia (feed usual food), high energy and high H2O content, coprophagic-avoid e-collars
common complications
high surface area to volume ratio (high risk of hypothermia)
hypoglycemia
how should drug does be calculated
dose = BW^3/4
high metabolic rate leads to high dose requirement
why is SQ the preferred route of administering drugs
IV access is challenging
means effects are less predictable
since SQ administration is less predicitble try to use drugs that….
wide safety margin
reversible
what is the most commonly used injectable drug used in lab rodents
ketamine
what is ketamine used in combination with
alpha 2 agonist
T/F isoflurane undergoes virtually no biotransformation
True
T/F mask induction may be associated with breath holding
True
particularly in rabbits
aversion due to smell - particularly iso in GPs
facemasks are commonly used for ____ and ____ of anesthesia
induction and maitenance
which species has a pharyngeal membrane
guinea pigs
T/F nasal intubation is possible in rabbits
True
T/F intubation can be performed blindly or by direct visualization
True
What is the tidal volume in small rodents
5-10mL/kg
what route should fluids be administered
IP or SC if not clinically dehydrated
IV or intraossesous
following anesthesia animals should be recovered in a/an _______ to maintain body temp
incubator
what should be assess post op
pain assessment
body weight, food and water consumption
complex behavorial measures - nesting
changes in facial expression
what is the most commonly used opioid
buprenorphine
35x more potent as morphine in rats IM
long duration of action
what is analogous to vomiting in other speces with opioids
Pica
of occurs switch to non-opioid analgesic
T/F all of the drugs liscenced for use in animals can be dministered in lab animals
True
T/F minimum safe dose of local anesthetics not clearly defines
True
do not exceed: 10mg/kg lidocaine, 2 mg/kg bupivicaine
T/F when used with sevo and iso in rats, gabapentin has a MAC sparing effect
True
metabolism in poikilothermic/ectothermic reptiles
lower rates of metabolism compares to mammals
oxygen consumption varies fro almost zero to that of resting mamamal
T/F in reptiles blood can be shunted from R-L and L-R
True
may affect anesthetic gas uptake and elimination - awakening during anesthesia, blood gas and SpO2
T/F chelonians are obligate nasal breathers
True
muscles used for locomotion are also involved in _____
ventilation
lack diaphragm - drugs may have more respiratory depressant effect
what might depress ventilation
high FiO2
recovery may be faster breathing room air
T/F like birds reptiles have a renal-portal system
True
preferrable to avoid nephrotoxic drugs and injection into hindlimbs
little apparent effect on drug’s PK in healthy animal
what is thought to be responsible for prolonged recoveries seen after anesthesia in reptiles
lower metabolic capacity
intraosseous route can be used in which species
iguanas
sea turtles
tortoises
what are common sedatives used in reptiles
benzodiazepines
alpha 2 agonists
(medetomidine, midazolam - both reversible)
what is the drug of choice IV access is available
propofol
give slowly, CRIs have been used in green iguanas
decreased HR and respiratory depression
which injectible anesthetics may be suitable prior to handling and intubation
zolazepam-tiletamine
which reptile species have complete tracheal rings
chelonians and crocodillians
T/F the trachea bifurcaition rostrally so its easy to intubate a bronchus
True
why is isotonic saline diluted (9:1 with sterile water) recommended in reptiles
blood is hypotonic compared to birds and mammals
routes of fluid administration
IV
PO
intracoelomically
what fluid rate should be used in reptiles
1 mL/kg/hr
why is ETCO2 not reliable in reptiles
intra-pulmonary shunting of blood
T/F pulse oximetry not validated for reptile species
true
which NSAID is commonly used in reptiles
meloxicam
